Gradace (literatura)

Gradace (někdy klimax) je v literatuře jedna z básnických figur, v níž se postupně zesiluje význam použitých slov nebo slovních spojení podle vzrůstající intenzity; uplatňuje se také jako kompoziční princip literárního díla.

Rozlišujeme vzestupnou a sestupnou gradaci (sestupná gradace je mnohem vzácnější):[1]

  • vzestupná gradace (klimax) - uspořádání slov od nejslabšího k nejsilnějšímu
  • sestupná gradace (antiklimax) - uspořádání slov od nejsilnějšího k nejslabšímu

Příklady

klimax
  • „Tys vrchol blaha, štěstí, plesu, slávy.“ — Jaroslav Vrchlický  
  • „Zpíval, že bude, až bude,
    že bude stále perutný
    a ještě perutnější, ba nejperutnější z perutnatců.“     — Ludvík Kundera  
antiklimax

Reference

  1. ↑ SVOBODA, Karel. Tropy a figury. Naše řeč. 1947, roč. 31, čís. 2–4, s. 21–29. Dostupné online [cit. 2016-10-16]. 
Básnické figury

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