Graciliano Ramos

Graciliano Ramos
Narození27. října 1892
Quebrangulo
Úmrtí20. března 1953 (ve věku 60 let)
Rio de Janeiro
Příčina úmrtírakovina plic
Povolánípolitik, novinář, jazykovědec, překladatel, romanopisec, autor dětské literatury, spisovatel a scenárista
Významná dílaVidas Secas
Politická příslušnostBrazilská komunistická strana
Web oficiální stránka
Logo Wikimedia Commons multimediální obsah na Commons
Seznam děl: SKČR | Knihovny.cz
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Graciliano Ramos de Oliveira (výslovnost [gɾasili'ɐ̃nu 'ʁɐ̃mus dʒi oli'vejɾɐ]; 27. října 1892 Quebrangulo – 20. března 1953 Rio de Janeiro) byl brazilský spisovatel, novinář a překladatel. Patřil k modernistické „generaci třicátých let“, vnášející do brazilské literatury pohled odlehlých regionů a opomíjených společenských vrstev.

Narodil se ve městě Quebrangulo ve státě Alagoas jako nejstarší ze šestnácti dětí. Pracoval jako novinář a maloobchodník a v letech 1927 až 1930 byl starostou města Palmeira dos Índios. Roku 1933 vydal svoji první knihu Caetés. Jeho tvorba vychází z osobní zkušenosti se životem v severovýchodní Brazílii a spojuje prvky neorealismu a existencialismu.[1] Ramosovým nejznámějším dílem je sociální román Vidas secas (česky vyšel roku 1959 jako Vyprahlé životy), popisující poměry v nehostinné vnitrozemské oblasti sertão. Napsal také romány São Bernardo (česky vyšel roku 1983 jako Statek São Bernardo), Angústia a povídkovou sbírku Histórias Incompletas, posmrtně vyšly jeho vzpomínky a zápisky z cest. Přeložil do portugalštiny Mor Alberta Camuse.[2]

V roce 1936 byl uvězněn pro podezření z účasti na spiknutí proti režimu Getúlia Vargase a po jedenácti měsících propuštěn pro nedostatek důkazů.[3] Roku 1945 vstoupil do Brazilské komunistické strany.[4] Počátkem padesátých let navštívil Sovětský svaz a Československo. Zemřel v šedesáti letech na rakovinu plic.

Nelson Pereira dos Santos natočil podle Ramosových knih filmy Vyprahlé životy (1963) a Paměti z vězení (1984).

Byla po něm pojmenována paznehtníkovitá rostlina Dicliptera gracilirama.[5]

Reference

  1. ↑ Asymptote Journal Dostupné online
  2. ↑ The Paris Review Dostupné online
  3. ↑ The Modern Novel Dostupné online
  4. ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica Dostupné online
  5. ↑ BioOne Dostupné online

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