Glukóza-6-fosfát

Glukóza-6-fosfát
Obecné
Systematický názevD-glukopyranosa-6-fosfát
Sumární vzorecC6H13O9P
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS56-73-5
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost260,136 g/mol
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Glukóza-6-fosfát (G6P, též „Robinsonův ester“) je ester kyseliny fosforečné a glukózy, přičemž fosfátová skupina se nachází na 6' uhlíku glukózy. Jde o klíčovou látku v metabolismu sacharidů.

Tvorba

Vzniká fosforylací glukózy, izomerací glukóza-1-fosfátu či případně různými jinými izomeracemi či štěpením jiných monosacharidů. Vznik z glukózy je katalyzován hexokinázou a jedná se vlastně o první krok glykolýzy.[1]

Rozklad

K odbourávání glukóza-6-fosfátu dochází také různými způsoby, z nichž každý má poněkud odlišný význam. Glykolytický rozklad, v němž se nejprve mění na fruktóza-6-fosfát a následně sérií reakcí na pyruvát, má význam v buněčné energetice, neboť poskytuje největší množství ATP. Tzv. pentózový cyklus (HMP zkrat) směřuje k 6-fosfoglukonátu jako hlavnímu produktu a hraje důležitou roli v syntéze nukleotidů. Dalšími metabolickými drahami je Entnerova-Doudoroffova cesta a konečně (vzácná) fosfoketolázová cesta. U živočichů hraje však zcela majoritní roli jen glykolýza.[1]

Glukóza-6-fosfát je rovněž možné převádět zpět na glukózu. Tuto reakci katalyzuje glukóza-6-fosfatáza (poslední enzym glukoneogeneze), nacházející se u člověka v játrech a ledvinách, ale nikoliv ve svalech. Svaly tedy nejsou schopné exportovat glukózu do krve tak, jako to dělají zejména játra.[2]

Reference

  1. ↑ a b VODRÁŽKA, Zdeněk. Biochemie. Praha: Academia, 2007. ISBN 978-80-200-0600-4. 
  2. ↑ MURRAY, Robert K., Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. [s.l.]: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill; Medical Publishing Division, 2003. ISBN 0-07-138901-6. 

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