Faktor nádorové nekrózy

TNFα

Faktor nádorové nekrózy (též TNF z anglického tumor necrosis factor, tedy „faktor způsobující nekrózu nádorů“) je skupina cytokinů (tedy jistých signálních látek imunitního systému).

TNF vzniká především ve specifických jednojaderných bílých krvinkách označovaných jako makrofágy, nejčastěji jako reakce na bakteriální či jinou infekci, nádorové bujení a podobně. Tvorba TNF bývá podporována účinky interleukinů. TNF je mimo jiné schopen navodit buněčnou smrt nádorových buněk.[1]

Existují dva základní typy TNF, a to TNF-α (produkován zejména makrofágy[2]) a TNF-β (tzv. lymfotoxin, produkován různými T-lymfocyty[2]). Do superrodiny TNF však bývají také řazeny např. FAS ligand nebo 4-1BB ligand.[3] Vážou se na TNF receptor, jímž je transmembránový protein, který je schopen navodit v cílové buňce kaskádu chemických reakcí směřujících zejména k apoptóze.[2]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ Stenesh, J. (1989): Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2nd Edition). John Wiley & Sons.
  2. ↑ a b c ROBERT C. KING; WILLIAM D. STANSFIELD; PAMELA K. MULLIGAN. A Dictionary of Genetics, Seventh Edition. [s.l.]: Oxford University Press, 2006. 
  3. ↑ http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2009/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Tumor+Necrosis+Factors

Související články

Pahýl
Pahýl
 Tento článek je příliš stručný nebo postrádá důležité informace.
Pomozte Wikipedii tím, že jej vhodně rozšíříte. Nevkládejte však bez oprávnění cizí texty.

Read other articles:

中国人民解放军陆军第十四集团军炮兵旅

陆军第十四集团军炮兵旅陆军旗存在時期1950年 - 2017年國家或地區 中国效忠於 中国 中国共产党部門 中国人民解放军陆军種類炮兵功能火力支援規模约90门火炮直屬南部战区陆军參與戰役1979年中越战争 中越边境冲突 老山战役 成都军区对越轮战 紀念日10月25日 陆军第十四集团军炮兵旅（英語：Artillery Brigade, 14th Army），是曾经中国人民解放军陆军第十四集团军下属�...

 

Mazmur 123

Mazmur 123Naskah Gulungan Mazmur 11Q5 di antara Naskah Laut Mati memuat salinan sejumlah besar mazmur Alkitab yang diperkirakan dibuat pada abad ke-2 SM.KitabKitab MazmurKategoriKetuvimBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen19← Mazmur 122 Mazmur 124 → Mazmur 123 (disingkat Maz 123 atau Mz 123; penomoran Septuaginta: Mazmur 122) adalah sebuah mazmur dalam bagian ke-5 Kitab Mazmur di Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama dalam Alkitab Kristen. Tidak ada catatan n...

 

العلاقات الأوزبكستانية المجرية

العلاقات الأوزبكستانية المجرية أوزبكستان المجر   أوزبكستان   المجر تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الأوزبكستانية المجرية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أوزبكستان والمجر.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: و�...

Tiedemann Giese

Polish bishop and writer Tiedemann GieseTiedemann Giese, around 1525–1530, painting by Hans SchenckBorn1 June 1480Danzig (Gdańsk), Kingdom of PolandDied23 October 1550Lidzbark (Heilsberg)Occupation(s)Theologian author, Bishop of Chełmno, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland)Notable work Antilogikon flosculorum Lutheranorum, 1523 Anacrisis nominis Jesus, 1542 De Regno Christi Tiedemann Giese (1 June 1480 – 23 October 1550), was Bishop of Kulm (Chełmno) first canon, later Prince-Bishop of Wa...

 

انفجار ريو ترسيرو

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2021) انفجار ريو ترسيرومعلومات عامةالبلد الأرجنتين المكان ريو ترسيرو بتاريخ 3 نوفمبر 1995 المشاركون كارلوس منعم عدد الإصابات 300 عدد الوفيات 7 الأسباب متفجرات التسلح...

 

Bandarban (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)

Constituency of Bangladesh's Jatiya Sangsad BandarbanConstituencyfor the Jatiya SangsadDistrictBandarban Hill DistrictDivisionChittagong DivisionElectorate246,873 (2018)Current constituencyCreated1973PartyBangladesh Awami LeagueMember of ParliamentBir Bahadur Ushwe SingPrev. ConstituencyRangamati (Constituency 299) Bandarban is a constituency of the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh, represented, since 1996 June, by Bir Bahadur Ushwe Sing of the Awami League. Boundaries The c...

Central District (Robat Karim County)

District in Tehran province, Iran District in Tehran, IranCentral District (Robat Karim County) Persian: بخش مرکزی شهرستان رباط‌کریمDistrictCentral District (Robat Karim County)Coordinates: 35°29′17″N 51°03′09″E / 35.48806°N 51.05250°E / 35.48806; 51.05250[1]CountryIranProvinceTehranCountyRobat KarimCapitalRobat KarimPopulation (2016)[2] • Total291,515Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) The ...

 

Ron Rothstein

American basketball player and coach Ron RothsteinRothstein in 2010Personal informationBorn (1942-12-27) December 27, 1942 (age 81)Bronx, New York, U.S.NationalityAmericanCareer informationHigh schoolRoosevelt (Yonkers, New York)CollegeRhode Island (1961–1964)Coaching career1966–2014Career historyAs coach:1966–1974Eastchester HS1974–1975Upsala (assistant)1975–1978New Rochelle HS1978–1983Eastchester HS1983–1986Atlanta Hawks (assistant)1986–1988Detroit Pistons (assistant)19...

 

Giancarlo Oddi

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento calciatori italiani non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Commento: Una non basta Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Giancarlo Oddi Oddi con la maglia della Lazio Nazionalità  Italia Altezza 176 cm Peso 72 kg Calcio Ruolo Allenatore (ex difensore) Termine carriera 1984 - giocatore Carrie...

Geography of the British Indian Ocean Territory

The British Indian Ocean Territory prior to the Seychelles' independence in 1976. The land at bottom left is the northern tip of Madagascar. (Desroches is not labelled, but is a part of the Amirante Islands.) Map of the British Indian Ocean Territory since 1976. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is an archipelago of 55 islands in the Indian Ocean, located south of India. It is situated approximately halfway between Africa and Indonesia. The islands form a semicircular group with an o...

 

Ираклеониты

Ираклеониты — ученики гностика Ираклеона (II век). Упоминаются как особая секта Епифанием и Августином; при крещении и миропомазании они соблюдали обряд помазания елеем и при этом произносили воззвания на арамейском языке, которые должны были освободить душу от власт�...

 

Numero naturale

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento matematica non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Diagramma di Venn dei numeri In matematica i numeri naturali sono quei numeri usati per contare e ordinare. Nel linguaggio comune i numeri cardinali sono quelli usati per contare e i numeri ordinali sono quelli...

2016年美國總統選舉

2016年美國總統選舉 ← 2012 2016年11月8日 2020 → 538個選舉人團席位獲勝需270票民意調查投票率55.7%[1][2] ▲ 0.8 %   获提名人 唐納·川普 希拉莉·克林頓 政党 共和黨 民主党 家鄉州 紐約州 紐約州 竞选搭档 迈克·彭斯 蒂姆·凱恩 选举人票 304[3][4][註 1] 227[5] 胜出州/省 30 + 緬-2 20 + DC 民選得票 62,984,828[6] 65,853,514[6]...

 

كسوف الشمس 3 سبتمبر 2081

كسوف الشمس 3 سبتمبر 2081خريطةنوع الكسوفطبيعةكليغاما0.3378الحجم1.072الكسوف الأقصىالمدة الزمنية333 ثانية (5 د 33 ث)إحداثيات24°36′N 53°36′E / 24.6°N 53.6°E / 24.6; 53.6أكبر عرض247 كـم (153 ميل)الأوقات (UTC)أعظم كسوف9:07:31مراجعساروس136 (41 من 71)كتلوج # (SE5000)9690سيحدث كسوف كلي للشمس يوم ا...

 

شارلوته آدامز

هذه المقالة تحتاج للمزيد من الوصلات للمقالات الأخرى للمساعدة في ترابط مقالات الموسوعة. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة وصلات إلى المقالات المتعلقة بها الموجودة في النص الحالي. (أبريل 2019) هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة �...

Stratford-on-Avon (UK Parliament constituency)

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1950 onwards Stratford-on-AvonCounty constituencyfor the House of CommonsBoundary of Stratford-on-Avon in WarwickshireLocation of Warwickshire within EnglandCountyWarwickshireElectorate69,108 (December 2010)[1]Current constituencyCreated1950Member of ParliamentNadhim Zahawi (Conservative)SeatsOneCreated fromWarwick and Leamington and Rugby1885–1918SeatsOneType of constituencyCounty constituencyCreated fromSouth WarwickshireReplaced b...

 

Eleanor Put Your Boots On

2006 single by Franz FerdinandEleanor Put Your Boots OnSingle by Franz Ferdinandfrom the album You Could Have It So Much Better B-side Wine in the Afternoon Ghost in a Ditch Released17 July 2006 (2006-07-17)[1]Recorded2006 (new version)StudioBenton Harbor, Michigan (new version)Length 2:49 (album version) 3:12 (single version) LabelDominoSongwriter(s) Alex Kapranos Nick McCarthy Producer(s)Rich CosteyFranz Ferdinand singles chronology The Fallen (2006) Eleanor Put Your...

 

Triple Cross (1966 film)

1966 British-French film by Terence Young Triple CrossDVD coverDirected byTerence YoungScreenplay byRené HardyWilliam Marchant (additional dialogue)Based onThe Eddie Chapman Story (1953 autobiography)by Eddie Chapman and Frank OwenProduced byJacques-Paul BertrandStarring Christopher Plummer Romy Schneider Trevor Howard Gert Fröbe Claudine Auger Yul Brynner Harry Meyen Jess Hahn CinematographyHenri AlekanEdited byRoger DwyreMusic byGeorges GarvarentzProductioncompanyCineurop CompanyDistribut...

Edward Jenner

Edward JennerLahir(1749-05-17)17 Mei 1749Berkeley, GloucestershireMeninggal26 Januari 1823(1823-01-26) (umur 73)Berkeley, GloucestershireTempat tinggalBerkeley, GloucestershireKebangsaanInggrisAlmamaterSt. George, Universitas London Universitas St. AndrewsDikenal atasvaksin cacar; Vaksinasi, Orang ke-dua yang menemukan konsep vaksin setelah Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Zakaria ar-RaziKarier ilmiahBidangKedokteran Bedah, sejarah alamPembimbing akademikJohn Hunter Edward Jenner (17 Mei 1749...

 

Kanjō

Ritual enshrinement of a Kami For the Buddhist ritual (灌頂), see Abhiseka. Kanjō ritual crown, Kamakura-Edo period (13th-17th century) Kanjō (勧請) in Shinto terminology indicates a propagation process through which a kami, previously divided through a process called bunrei, is invited to another location and there re-enshrined.[1] Evolution of the kanjō process Kanjō was originally a Buddhist term and later entered Shinto vocabulary.[1] A kanjō was the request of th...