Dii Consentes

Oltář se zobrazením Dii Consentes, 1. století př. n. l.

Dii Consentes[pozn. 1] byla ve starověkém římském náboženství skupina dvanácti hlavních božstev, šesti bohů a šesti bohyň sdružených v páry. Jejich pozlacené sochy stály na Foru Romanu, později pro ně bylo postaveno Porticus Deorum Consentium.

Jejich výčet se poprvé objevuje na sklonku 3. století př. n. l. u básníka Ennia v této podobě:

Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venuše,
Mars, Merkur, Jupiter, Neptun, Vulkán, Apollo

Pořadí jmen je v tomto případě pravděpodobně výsledkem metrických důvod. Titus Livius tyto bohy na přelomu letopočtu sdružil do následujících párů

  • Jupiter-Juno
  • Neptun-Minerva
  • Mars-Venuše
  • Apollo-Diana
  • Vulkán-Vesta
  • Merkur-Ceres

Těchto dvanáct božstev odpovídá tradičnímu složení řeckých dvanácti Olympanů, přes některé rozdíly ve funkci a postavení ztotožněných římských božstev. Odlišuje se však párováním, například řecký Poseidón byl tradičně spojován s Démétér, zatímco v římském případě spolu Neptun a Ceres pár netvoří. K olympské dvanáctce byl také někdy počítán Dionýsos, uvedený namísto Hestie-Vesty.

Poznámky

  1. ↑ Význam slova constentes není zcela jasný, ale pravděpodobně znamená že tato božstva jsou ve vzájemné shodě. Nazývají se též Di Consentes, Dei Consentes, u Arnobia jednou Dii Complices.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Dii Consentes na anglické Wikipedii.


Externí odkazy

  • Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Dii Consentes na Wikimedia Commons

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