Atatürkovy reformy

Kanadská politická karikatura ženy v Quebeku, čtoucí oznámení, které zní:
"Bulletin zpráv: poprvé v historii Turecka budou ženy volit a mít nárok na veřejnou funkci ve všeobecných volbách, které se konají tento týden."
Ženy v Turecku dostaly právo volit v roce 1930, ale ženy v provinčních volbách v Quebeku ho neměly až do roku 1940.

Atatürkovy reformy (turecky Atatürk Devrimleri) byly sérií politických, právních, kulturních, sociálních a ekonomických změn, které byly připraveny, aby se Turecká republika stala sekulárním, moderním a národním státem. Tyto reformy byly zavedeny pod vedením Mustafy Kemala Atatürka dle Kemalistické ideologie. Středobodem těchto reforem bylo přesvědčení, že turecká společnost se bude muset přiblížit západu politicky i kulturně, pokud se chce modernizovat.[1] Atatürkovy politické reformy obsahovaly mnoho fundamentálních institucionálních změn, které znamenaly konec mnoha tradic, a šetrně připravený program postupných změn byl implementován k rozpletení složitého systému, který se vyvíjel po staletí.[2]

Atatürkovy reformy začaly modernizací ústavního práva, vč. přijetí nové turecké ústavy roku 1924, která nahradila ústavu z roku 1921, a adaptací evropského práva a jurisprudence potřebám nové republiky. Následovala kompletní sekularizace a modernizace administrativy, se zaměřením především na vzdělávací systém.

Historicky Atatürkovy reformy nastupují po období Osmanské říše nazvaném Tanzimat - reorganizaci, která začala roku 1839 a skončila První konstituční érou roku 1876.[3] Další podobně výrazné reformní změny na poli společenském, ekonomickém i administrativním přišly s procesem přístupu Turecké republiky k Evropské unii (14. dubna 1987).

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Atatürk's Reforms na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ S. N. Eisenstadt, "The Kemalist Regime and Modernization: Some Comparative and Analytical Remarks," in J. Landau, ed., Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984, 3–16.
  2. ↑ Jacob M. Landau "Atatürk and the Modernization of Turkey" page 57.
  3. ↑ Cleveland, William L & Martin Bunton, A History of the Modern Middle East: 4th Edition, Westview Press: 2009, p. 82.

Literatura

  • Bein, Amit. Ottoman Ulema, Turkish Republic: Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition (2011) Amazon.com
  • Ergin, Murat. "Cultural encounters in the social sciences and humanities: western émigré scholars in Turkey," History of the Human Sciences, Feb 2009, Vol. 22 Issue 1, pp 105–130
  • Hansen, Craig C. "Are We Doing Theory Ethnocentrically? A Comparison of Modernization Theory and Kemalism," Journal of Developing Societies (0169796X), 1989, Vol. 5 Issue 2, pp 175–187
  • Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. Atatürk: An intellectual biography (2011) Amazon.com
  • Kazancıgil, Ali and Ergün Özbudun. Atatürk: Founder of a Modern State (1982) 243pp
  • Ward, Robert, and Dankwart Rustow, eds. Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (1964).
  • Yavuz, M. Hakan. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey (2003) Amazon.com
  • Zurcher, Erik. Turkey: A Modern History (2004) Amazon.com

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