Telifònides

Infotaula d'ésser viuTelifònides
Thelyphonida Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
SubregneBilateria
FílumArthropoda
SubfílumChelicerata
ClasseArachnida
OrdreThelyphonida Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Famílies

Els telifònides (Thelyphonida)[1] o uropigis (Uropygi) són un ordre d'aràcnids amb «cua» llarga i prima, uns enormes pedipalps espinosos i unes glàndules anals que expulsen una substància irritant amb olor de vinagre. No tenen glàndules verinoses i són inofensius per als humans, malgrat el seu aspecte amenaçador.

Característiques

Thelyphonus doriae hosei

Les espècies d'aquest ordre fan de 25 a 85 mil·límetres de llargada.[2] Només fan servir 6 potes per a desplaçar-se i les dues primeres potes estan modificades per a servir d'antenes. Moltes espècies tenen pinces com les dels escorpins. Tenen un parell d'ulls davant del cefalotòrax i tres ulls a cada costat com també passa en els escorpins.[2] No tenen glàndules verinoses però poden deixar anar una mescla d'àcid acètic i àcid octanoic quan se'ls molesta.[2]

Comportament

Són aràcnids carnívors i caçadors nocturns, mengen insectes o miriàpodes,[2] de vegades també cucs i llimacs. Mastigoproctus (que fa 85 mm de llarg) de vegades s'alimenta de petits vertebrats.[2] Controlen l'excés de població de paneroles i grills.

Els mascles secreten un sac d'esperma que transfereixen a les femelles. Una membrana mucosa protegeix els ous de la dessecació. Les cries tarden fins a 3 anys a assolir l'edat adulta i viuen després uns quatre anys més.[2]

Hàbitat

Es troben en zones tropicals i subtropicals de tot el món. No n'hi ha a Europa, Austràlia, i excepte per haver estat introduïts tampoc n'hi hauria a l'Àfrica.[2] Fan forats a terra on transporten les seves preses.[2] Els agraden llocs foscos i humits.

Taxonomia

S'han descrit 119 espècies.[1] Hi ha una família actual i una família extinta però aquesta és dubtosa:

Fòssils que s'han descrit recentment són:

Rowland & Cooke (1973)[3] divideixen el grup en dues famílies, Thelyphonidae i Hypoctonidae.

Galeria

Notes

  1. 1,0 1,1 Zhang, Z. Q. (2011). Phylum Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.), Animal Biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148, 99-103.
  2. 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 Schmidt 1993: 54f
  3. Rowland, J.M. & J.A.L. Cooke. 1973. "Systematics of the arachnid order Uropygida (5 Thelyphonida)." The Journal of Arachnology, 1:55–71.

Referències

  • Weygoldt, P. 1979. Thelyphonellus ruschii n. sp. und die taxonomische Stellung von Thelyphonellus Pocock 1894 (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 60:109-114.
  • Schmidt, Günther (1993): Giftige und gefährliche Spinnentiere. Westarp Wissenschaften ISBN 3-89432-405-8
  • Dunlop, J.A. & C.A. Horrocks. 1996. "A new Upper Carboniferous whip scorpion (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida) with a revision of the British Carboniferous Uropygi", in Zoologischer Anzeiger, 234:293–306.
  • Haupt, J. & D. Song. 1996. "Revision of East Asian whip scorpions (Arachnida Uropygi Thelyphonida'). I. China and Japan". Arthropoda Selecta, 5:43–52.
  • Harvey, M.S. 2002. "The neglected cousins: what do we know about the smaller arachnid orders?", in The Journal of Arachnology, 30:357–372.

Enllaços externs


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