República Khmer

សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
República Khmer
←
1970 – 1975 →
de}}}សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ de}}}សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
Bandera Escut
Ubicació de សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
Informació
CapitalPhnom Penh
12° 15′ N, 105° 36′ E / 12.250°N,105.600°E / 12.250; 105.600
Idioma oficialllengua khmer
MonedaRiel
Geografia
Superfície1970: 181.035 km²
1975 181.035 km²
Població1970 (est.): 6.937.995 (Densitat: 38,3 h/km²)
1975 (est.): 7.097.801 (d: 39,2/km²)
Període històric
Guerra Freda
Cop d'estat militar17 d'abril de 1970
Caiguda de Phnom Penh7 de gener de 1975
Política
Forma de governDictadura militar filo-americana
Primer Ministre
 • 1970-1971:Lon Nol
 • 1971-1972:Sirik Matak
 • 1972:Son Ngoc Thanh
 • 1973:In Tam
 • 1973-1975:Long Boret

La República Khmer (llengua khmer: សាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ, francès: République khmère) va ser el govern de caràcter militar instituït a Cambodja entre l'any 1970 i el 1975. Aquest estat fou fundat posteriorment al cop d'estat militar del general Lon Nol, el qual juntament amb Sirik Matak i In Tam va enderrocar el 18 de març del 1970 el govern presidit pel príncep Norodom Sihanuk que en aquell moment es trobava a l'estranger i va passar a l'exili. El 7 d'octubre del mateix any es va proclamar una nova constitució. Dos dies després es va abolir la monarquia i es va proclamar formalment la república.[1]

La República Khmer es va alinear obertament amb els Estats Units i Vietnam del Sud, acabant amb la política de neutralitat de Sihanuk que havia beneficiat al Viet Cong. Lon Nol es va involucrar directament a la Guerra del Vietnam, permetent als militars nord-americans operar dins del territori de Cambodja amb l'objectiu de finalitzar amb l'ús de la part oriental del país com a base per a les activitats de Vietnam del Nord i el Viet Cong.[2]

L'autorització del president Richard Nixon de portar a termini un intens programa de bombardejos a la part oriental del país va afeblir el govern de Lon Nol. Aquests bombardejos indiscriminats foren molt impopulars i causaren un gran nombre de víctimes civils. Finalment varen jugar a favor de la causa de les guerrilles dels Khmers rojos dirigides per Pol Pot.

L'estat de la República Khmer va caure el 17 d'abril de 1975 amb l'entrada a Phnom Penh dels Khmers rojos i la capitulació de les Forces Armades Khmers (FANK). Lon Nol fou evacuat pels nord-americans tot just abans de l'entrada dels Khmers rojos a la capital. Sirik Matak va acusar molt emotivament als diplomàtics nord-americans que s'estaven preparant per marxar d'haver abandonat als cambodjans que havien confiat en ells i no va voler deixar el país. Poc després fou assassinat pels Khmer rojos, els quals varen fundar la Kamputxea Democràtica i varen executar a tots aquells que havien format part de les forces armades de la República Khmer, especialment als oficials.[3] Lon Nol va morir a l'exili a Hawaii el 1985.

Referències

  1. ↑ L'échec de la République khmère : La naissance d'une république Arxivat 2012-04-26 a Wayback Machine. (francès)
  2. ↑ Ben Kiernan, How Pol Pot came to power, Yale University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0300102628, p.300
  3. ↑ Milton Osborne, Sihanouk, Prince of Light, Prince of Darkness. Silkworm 1994. ISBN 978-0824816391

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