Placa índica

Mapa de la placa índica.

La placa índica, o placa de l'Índia és una placa tectònica de la litosfera terrestre. La seva superfície és de 0,306 37 estereoradiants. Els geòlegs consideraven que la placa índica i la placa australiana eren una sola placa i l'anomenaven placa indo-australiana. Des del descobriment d'una zona de falles i de deformacions a l'oceà Índic entre Sumatra i les illes Chagos, les dues plaques es consideren com a entitats diferenciades.

La placa índica cobreix les planures de l'Indus, del Ganges, del Brahmaputra (plana indo-gangètica), de l'Irauadi, el Dekkan i de Sri Lanka, l'est del mar d'Aràbia, el nord de l'oceà Índic i el golf de Bengala, incloent-hi les illes Maldives, i el nord de les illes Chagos.està en contacte amb les plaques eurasiàtica, aràbiga, somali, australiana i birmana. Els seus límits amb les altres plaques estan formats per la fossa de l'arc de la Sonda sobre la costa oest de les illes Andaman i de la dorsal central de l'oceà Índic.

El subcontinent indi abans formava Gondwana, un supercontinent format durant el neoproterozoic tardà i el paleozoic inicial, que va començar a trencar-se durant el Mesozoic. La placa índica va separar-se de l'Antàrtida fa 130-120 milions d'anys[1] i de Madagascar fa uns 90 milions d'anys,[2] va derivant posteriorment cap al nord-est, xocant amb la placa euroasiàtica fa gairebé 55 milions d'anys, cap al final del Paleocè.[3] La zona on es troben la placa eurasiàtica i la placa índica roman activa geològicament, propensa a terratrèmols importants.[4] El desplaçament de la placa índica és en direcció nord, a una velocitat de 6,00 cm a l'any, a una velocitat de rotació d'1,1034° cada milió d'anys segons un pol eulerià situat a 60° 49' de latitud Nord i 30° 40' de longitud Oest.

Referències

  1. ↑ Gaina, Carmen; Müller, R. Dietmar; Brown, Belinda; Ishihara, Takemi; Ivanov, Sergey «Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India and Antarctica» (en anglès). Geophysical Journal International, 170, 1, 7-2007, pàg. 151–169. Bibcode: 2007GeoJI.170..151G. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03450.x.
  2. ↑ Torsvik, T.H.; Tucker, R.D.; Ashwal, L.D.; Carter, L.M.; Jamtveit, B.; Vidyadharan, K.T.; Venkataramana, P. «Late Cretaceous India-Madagascar fit and timing of break-up related magmatism» (en anglès). Terra Nova, 12, 5, 10-2000, pàg. 220–224. Bibcode: 2000TeNov..12..220T. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3121.2000.00300.x. ISSN: 0954-4879.
  3. ↑ Wynn Jones, Robert. Applications of Palaeontology: Techniques and Case Studies (en anglès). Cambridge University Press, 2011, p. 267–271. ISBN 978-1-139-49920-0. 
  4. ↑ Alexander E. Gates; David Ritchie Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes (en anglès). Infobase, 2006, p. 116–118. ISBN 978-0-8160-7270-5. 

Vegeu també

Enllaços externs

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Placa índica
  • "Velocitat de les plaques tectòniques", aThe Physics factbook (anglès)

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