Pevensey Castle

Plantilla:Infotaula indretPevensey Castle
(en) Pevensey Castle Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Imatge
Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Tipusjaciment arqueològic Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Localització
Entitat territorial administrativaPevensey (Anglaterra) Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Map
 50° 49′ 09″ N, 0° 19′ 59″ E / 50.8192°N,0.333114°E / 50.8192; 0.333114
Format per
Característiques
Monument protegit al Regne Unit
Data8 febrer 1915
Història
Creació1066 Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Cronologia
1908 excavació arqueològica
1910 excavació arqueològica
setembre 1993-juliol 1995excavació arqueològica
1964 excavació arqueològica
1264-juliol 1265setge
1088 setge
1147 setge
1399 setge
1930 excavació arqueològica Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Estat de conservacióruïnós Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Activitat
FundadorGuillem I d'Anglaterra Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Gestor/operadorEnglish Heritage Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Propietat dePere II de Savoia, Joan de Gant i Elionor de Provença Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Instal·lacions i serveisvàter accessible Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Lloc webenglish-heritage.org.uk… Modifica el valor a Wikidata

 

El castell de Pevensey és una fortalesa medieval d'origen romà i saxó situada prop de la costa a Pevensey, al comtat anglès de Sussex Oriental. És un monument llistat com a English Heritage, la categoria de monuments protegits anglesa, i està obert al públic.[1]

Construït cap a final el segle iii fou anomenat pels romans Anderitum,[2] sembla que el fort va ser la base d'una flota naval anomenada Classis Anderidaensis.

Les raons exactes perquè es va construir no són pas clares. Durant molt de temps s'ha pensat que formava part d'un sistema defensiu de la costa britànica i gal·la contra els atacs dels pirates saxons. A principi del segle xxi, una nova hipòtesi pretén que Anderitum i altres forts costaners saxons van ser erigits per l'usurpador Carausi[2]Plantilla:Fields, un comandant que va fer un últim i infructuós intent d'impedir que l'imperi romà reprengués el control de Britània.

Anderitum va quedar arruïnat cap al final de la presència romana a Britània, però va ser recuperat pels normands cap a l'any 1066, per als que va ser un baluard estratègic.[3] Dins dels murs romans van construir una torre i una fortificació de pedra que van ser objecte de diversos setges. Encara que els defensors van ser obligats a rendir-se per fam en dues ocasions, mai no va ser pres a l'assalt amb èxit.

El castell va ser parcialment demolit al segle xiii[4] i va estar més o menys ocupat fins al segle xvi.[5] Al segle xx era en estat de ruïna total i l'any 1925 va ser comprat per l'estat.[6]

En el període 1940 i 1945, durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, la fortificació va tornar a ser ocupada per tropes de la Home Guard —força de defensa britànica—, dels exèrcits britànic i canadenc i del Cos Aeri de l'Exèrcit dels Estats Units. Sobre els murs romans i medievals van instal·lar-hi nius de metralladores per a controlar la plana circumdant i defensar la zona d'una eventual invasió alemanya.[6]

El mur cortina oest romà del castell de Pevensey


Referències

Bibliografia

  • Creighton, O.H.. Castles and Landscapes. Continuum, 2002. ISBN 978-0-8264-5896-4. 
  • Davis. King Stephen, 1135–1154. University of California Press, 1967. OCLC 651819. 
  • Farebrother, George. Hailsham at War. Hailsham History Group, University of Sussex. Centre for Continuing Education, 1986. ISBN 9780904242294. 
  • Fields, Nic. Rome's Saxon Shore. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2006. ISBN 978-1-84603-094-9. 
  • Foot, William. Beaches, Fields, Streets, and Hills: The Anti-Invasion Landscapes of England, 1940. York: Council for British Archaeology, 2006. ISBN 9781902771533. 
  • Fulford, Michael; Rippon. Pevensey Castle, Sussex : excavations in the Roman fort and medieval keep, 1993–95. Salisbury: Wessex Archaeology, 2011. ISBN 9781874350552. 
  • Goodall, John. Pevensey Castle. Londres: English Heritage, 2013. ISBN 978-1-85074-722-2. 
  • Howard, Mary Matilda. Hastings, past and present: with notices of the most remarkable places in the neighbourhood. Diplock and Smith, 1855. OCLC 2171080. 
  • Hull, Lise. Understanding the Castle Ruins of England and Wales. McFarland, 2008. ISBN 9780786452767. 
  • Huscroft, Richard. The Norman Conquest: A New Introduction. Routledge, 2013. ISBN 9781317866275. 
  • King, Richard J. A Handbook for Travellers in Kent and Sussex. John Murray, 1868. OCLC 2016108. 
  • Johnson, Stephen. The Roman Forts of the Saxon Shore. Londres: Elek, 1976. ISBN 978-0236400249. 
  • Johnson, Stephen. «Pevensey». A: Maxfield. The Saxon Shore: A Handbook. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1989. ISBN 978-0-85989-330-5. 
  • Lyne, Malcolm. Excavations at Pevensey Castle, 1936 to 1964. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2009. ISBN 9781407306292. 
  • Lister, Raymond. Decorative Cast Ironwork in Great Britain. G. Bell, 1960. OCLC 3124807. 
  • Lower, Mark Antony. Pevensey Castle and the Recent Excavations There. Londres: J. R. Smith, 1853. OCLC 181866167. 
  • Mills, David. A Dictionary of British Place-Names. Oxford University Press, 2011. ISBN 9780199609086. 
  • Pearson, Andrew. The Construction of the Saxon Shore Forts. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2003. ISBN 978-1-84171-487-5. 
  • Peers, Charles. Pevensey Castle, Sussex. HMSO, 1952. 
  • Pounds, Norman J. G.. The Medieval Castle in England and Wales: A Political and Social History. Cambridge University Press, 1994. ISBN 9780521458283. 
  • Quinn, Tom. The Archaeology of Britain: from Prehistory to the Industrial Age. New Holland, 2007. ISBN 9781845372682. 
  • Rowley, Trevor. The Man Behind the Bayeux Tapestry. The History Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-7524-6025-3. 
  • Ward, J. L.. Short History and Guide of Pevensey Castle. Petley, 1908. OCLC 499816347. 
  • Wilson, Roger J.A.. A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain. Londres: Constable, 2002. ISBN 978-1-84119-318-2. 

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