Neuromodulació

Neuromodulació és el procés fisiològic pel qual una neurona determinada usa un o més d'un neurotransmissors per a regular diverses poblacions de neurones. Això és en contrast amb la clàssica transmissió sinàptica, en la qual una nerurona presinàptica directament influeix un sola neurona associada postsinàptica. Els neuromoduladors secretats per un petit grup de neurones es difonen a través de grans zones del sistema nerviós i afecten moltes neurones. Els principals neuromoduladors en el sistema nerviós central inclouen la dopamina, la serotonina, l'acetilcolina, la histamina, i la norepinefrina.

Alguns neurotransmissors són considerats també neuromoduladors.

Eks neuromoduladors poden alterar la resposta de sortida del sistema fisiològic actuant sobre els inputs associats (per exemple, generador del patró central). Tanmateix. es considera que això només és insuficient,[1] perquè la transformació neuromuscular des de l'input neuronal a l'output muscular pot ser afectat per rangs particulars de l'input.

Principals sistemes de neurotransmissors

Els principals sistemes de neurotransmissors són el sistema de la noradrenalina, sistema (norepinefrina), l sistema dopamina, el sistema serotonina i el sistema colinèrgic

Neuropèptids

  1. Endorfines
  2. Enkefalines
  3. Dinorfines

Altres usos

La neuromodulació també es refereix a una classe de teràpies emergents que tenen com a objectiu restaurar el sistema nerviós per a restaurarne funcions (com l'implant coclear).[3]

Referències

  1. ↑ Stern, E; Fort TJ; Millier MW; Peskin CS; Brezina V «Decoding modulation of the neuromuscular transform». Neurocomputing, 70, 6954, 2007, pàg. 1753–1758. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.10.117. PMC: 2745187. PMID: 19763188 [Consulta: 7 abril 2007].
  2. ↑ Kandel, Eric R. Principles of Neural Science. East Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton & Lang, 1991, p. 872–873. ISBN 0838580343. 
  3. ↑ Neuromodulation, Vol. 1-2. Academic Press, 2009, p. 1-1200. ISBN 9780123742483 [Consulta: 6 setembre 2012]. 

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