Municipis de Lituània

Lituània
Escut d'Armes de Lituània
Política i govern de
Lituània
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Lituània és un país del nord d'Europa. És membre de les Nacions Unides, de la Unió Europea, del Consell d'Europa i de la NATO.[1] L'any 2010, tenia una població d'aproximadament 3,3 milions, i una àrea de 65.300 km².[2] En el segle xiv, el Gran Ducat de Lituània era un dels països més grans d'Europa, i incloïa l'actual Lituània, Belarús, gran part d'Ucraïna, i parts d'Estònia, Letònia, Moldàvia, Polònia i Rússia. Com a República Socialista Soviètica de Lituània (des de 1940), Lituània va iniciar la seva desclaració de la independència el 1990, que va obtenir reconeixement internacional l'any següent.[1]

El país té tres nivells de divisions administratives. El primer nivell consisteix en 10 comtats (en lituà, singular – apskritis, plural – apskritys). Aquests estan sub-dividits en 60 districtes municipals o municipis (en lituà: plural – savivaldybės, singular – savivaldybė), que, al seu torn, es torna a sub-dividir en uns 500 grups més petits coneguts com a seniūnija (en lituà: plural – seniūnijos, singular – seniūnija).

Al final del seu mandat com una República Socialista Soviètica, les divisions administratives consistien en 44 regions, 12 ciutats, 80 pobles, 19 assentaments i 426 districtes rurals.[3] La reforma d'aquest sistema era una preocupació immediata per al nou govern.[4] La Constitució de Lituània, ratificada el 1992, delega la facultat d'establir les unitats administratives futures al Parlament lituà (Seimas). En conseqüència, el Seimas va aprovar dues lleis fonamentals: una llei de 1993 sobre la representació del govern i una llei de 1994 que especifica les unitats administratives-territorials i els seus límits.[4] El sistema actual d'un conjunt de municipis de menys de 10 comtats va ser codificat el 1995.[4] Es van fer diversos canvis el 2000, amb el resultant de 60 municipis.[5] Encara s'estan discutint nous canvis, incloent un possible augment en el nombre de municipis.[6] Els regidors municipals són elegits directament cada quatre anys.[7] Llavors els regidors es trien alcalde del municipi.[7]

El següent mapa mostra els comtats, així com els municipis. Set ciutats municipals i tres municipis estan marcats per números.

Un mapa dividit en deu seccions totes plenes amb un color diferent i que es subdivideix al seu torn en subseccions

1 – Ciutat municipial de Vílnius
2 – Ciutat municipial de Kaunas
3 – Ciutat municipial de Klaipėda

4 – Ciutat municipial de Panevėžys
5 – Ciutat municipial de Šiauliai
6 – Ciutat municipial d'Alytus

7 – Municipi de Birštonas
8 – Ciutat municipial de Palanga
9 – Municipi de Visaginas
10 – Municipi de Neringa

Municipis

Municipi Comtat Centre administratiu[8] Àrea[9] Pob. (2010)[9] Densitat (2010)[9]
A coat of arms depicting orange tools on a white background on the top and an orange sun on a dark green background on the bottom
Districte municipal d'Akmenė		 Šiauliai Naujoji Akmenė 844 km² 26,737 31.7
A coat of arms depicting a white flower in the middle that has a yellow stamen and green leaves all on a red background
Ciutat municipial d'Alytus		 Alytus Alytus 60 km² 66,841 1,671.0
A coat of arms depicting three flowers that have red petals, green stalks, and green leaves all sprouting from green earth
Districte municipal d'Alytus		 Alytus Alytus[nb 1] 1,404 km² 30,691 21.9
A coat of arms depicting a brown bridge rising up out of a blue body of water into a blue sky with white clouds
Districte municipal d'Anykščiai		 Utena Anykščiai 1,765 km² 31,088 17.6
A coat of arms depicting a sea creature with sharp teeth, one protruding bottom tooth, and a blowhole spewing water
Municipi de Birštonas		 Kaunas Birštonas 124 km² 5,178 41.8
A coat of arms depicting a white flag with a black bird on it with a yellow beak and yellow claws all on a yellow background
Districte municipal de Biržai		 Panevėžys Biržai 1,476 km² 32,116 21.8
A coat of arms depicting three golden crowns with five spikes protruding from their tops all on a blue background
Municipi de Druskininkai		 Alytus Druskininkai 454 km² 24,044 53.0
A coat of arms depicting three yellow, diagonal lines zig-zagging from the bottom left to the top right on a grey background
Municipi d'Elektrėnai		 Vílnius Elektrėnai 509 km² 27,622 54.3
A coat of arms depicting three white flowers lined up vertically with four yellow seeds surrounding each all on a blue background
Districte municipal d'Ignalina		 Utena Ignalina 1,447 km² 19,374 13.4
A coat of arms depicting a white bird with wings outspread, a red beak, and red feet all on a dark blue background
Districte municipal de Jonava		 Kaunas Jonava 944 km² 51,401 54.5
A coat of arms depicting an angel in full body armour and wings outspread while standing on a green dragon with a twisted tail
Districte municipal de Joniškis		 Šiauliai Joniškis 1,152 km² 29,310 25.4
A coat of arms depicting three grey fleurs-de-lis, two directly across from each other at the top and one on the bottom, all on a red background
Districte municipal de Jurbarkas		 Tauragė Jurbarkas 1,507 km² 34,213 22.7
A coat of arms depicting four grey horses with red eyes galloping both to the left and to the right all on a black background
Districte municipal de Kaišiadorys		 Kaunas Kaišiadorys 1,087 km² 35,334 32.5
A coat of arms depicting a grey castle on a red background on the left and a blue eye in a yellow triangle on the right
Municipi de Kalvarija		 Marijampolė Kalvarija 441 km² 13,162 29.8
A coat of arms depicting a white bull with an angry expression and a golden cross protruding from its head all on a red background
Ciutat municipial de Kaunas		 Kaunas Kaunas 157 km² 348,624 2,220.5
A coat of arms depicting a grey bull's head with a golden cross protruding from the top all on a red crest on a blue background
Districte municipal de Kaunas		 Kaunas Kaunas[nb 1] 1,496 km² 90,196 60.3
A coat of arms depicting six yellow stars in a diagonal line running from the bottom left to the top right all on a black background
Municipi de Kazlų Rūda		 Marijampolė Kazlų Rūda 555 km² 14,189 25.6
A coat of arms depicting a black wing attached to a black tallon holding a white horseshoe attached to three yellow spurs
Districte municipal de Kėdainiai		 Kaunas Kėdainiai 1,677 km² 61,872 36.9
A coat of arms depicting a white wheel on a light blue background at the top and three white leaves on a green background at the bottom
Districte municipal de Kelmė		 Šiauliai Kelmė 1,705 km² 36,801 21.6
A coat of arms depicting a golden castle with three turrets surrounded with four golden stars all on a red background
Ciutat municipial de Klaipėda		 Klaipėda Klaipėda 98 km² 182,752 1,864.8
A coat of arms depicting a sword with a gold hilt and a silver blade penetrating a green wreath all on a red background
Districte municipal de Klaipėda		 Klaipėda Gargždai 1,336 km² 52,125 39.0
A coat of arms depicting a woman clothed in blue and brown wearing a golden crown and carrying a baby all on a grey background
Districte municipal de Kretinga		 Klaipėda Kretinga 989 km² 45,103 45.6
A coat of arms depicting a black, six-pointed star on a golden background on the bottom and grey swirls on a blue background on the top
Districte municipal de Kupiškis		 Panevėžys Kupiškis 1,080 km² 22,369 20.7
A coat of arms depicting a golden moose with large antlers and a protruding red tongue hovering over three black keys
Districte municipal de Lazdijai		 Alytus Lazdijai 1,309 km² 24,246 18.5
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a brown horse that is trampling a black dragon all on a yellow background
Municipi de Marijampolė		 Marijampolė Marijampolė 755 km² 68,303 90.5
A coat of arms depicting a golden arrow with a zig-zag in the middle of it pulled back on a golden bow all on a blue background
Districte municipal de Mažeikiai		 Telšiai Mažeikiai 1,220 km² 65,430 52.8
A coat of arms depicting a golden key on a red background at the top and three blue birds on a white background at the bottom
Districte municipal de Molėtai		 Utena Molėtai 1,367 km² 22,475 16.4
A coat of arms depicting a white "N" on a blue background at the bottom and a series of black and white shapes at the top
Municipi de Neringa		 Klaipėda Nida 90 km² 3,682 40.9
A coat of arms depicting a grey bird with a golden eye and wings outstretched holding a golden key all on a green background
Municipi de Pagėgiai		 Tauragė Pagėgiai 537 km² 11,131 20.7
A coat of arms depicting a yellow windmill on a red crest hovering over a black bridge all on a yellow background
Districte municipal de Pakruojis		 Šiauliai Pakruojis 1,316 km² 26,561 20.2
A coat of arms depicting a circle for which the boundary is itself made up of beige circles all under a silver crown on a blue background
Ciutat municipial de Palanga		 Klaipėda Palanga 79 km² 17,645 223.4
A coat of arms depicting a red castle with black double doors, two black windows, and one central tower all standing on black ground
Ciutat municipial de Panevėžys		 Panevėžys Panevėžys 50 km² 111,959 2,239.2
A coat of arms depicting two grey sheaves of wheat on a blue background at the top and a red plowshare on a grey background at the bottom
Districte municipal de Panevėžys		 Panevėžys Panevėžys[nb 1] 2,179 km² 42,449 19.5
A coat of arms depicting the black head of a bull with a golden vine entangled in its black horns and a golden ring protruding from its nose
Districte municipal de Pasvalys		 Panevėžys Pasvalys 1,289 km² 31,718 24.6
A coat of arms depicting the Eye of Providence with a blue iris encapsulated in a golden triangle surrounded in golden rays all on a blue background
Districte municipal de Plungė		 Telšiai Plungė 1,105 km² 43,044 39.0
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a brown horse that is tramplinga green dragon spewing red flames from its mouth
Districte municipal de Prienai		 Kaunas Prienai 1,031 km² 33,048 32.1
A coat of arms depicting a silver horse that is rearing and neighing all on a dark green background bordered by a thin silver line
Districte municipal de Radviliškis		 Šiauliai Radviliškis 1,635 km² 47,626 29.1
A coat of arms depicting a golden lynx with black spots, a red tongue, white teeth, and white claws standing on its back paws on green turf
Districte municipal de Raseiniai		 Kaunas Raseiniai 1,573 km² 40,656 25.8
A coat of arms depicting a golden lion holding a silver-bladed sword in its mouth with a golden hilt and standing on green turf all on a blue background
Municipi de Rietavas		 Telšiai Rietavas 586 km² 9,837 16.8
A coat of arms divided into four sections, the top left and bottom right of which are red, the bottom left of which is blue, and the top right of which is brown
Districte municipal de Rokiškis		 Panevėžys Rokiškis 1,807 km² 37,815 20.9
A coat of arms depicting a grey castle with three towers topped by crosses with a human head on the front door all on a blue background
Districte municipal de Skuodas		 Klaipėda Skuodas 911 km² 23,123 25.4
A coat of arms depicting two grey sheaves of wheat on a red background on the left and six black, curved lines on a grey background on the right
Districte municipal de Šakiai		 Marijampolė Šakiai 1,453 km² 35,507 24.4
A coat of arms depicting a golden key overlapping a silver key on a blue background at the top and three golden nuts on a red background on the bottom
Districte municipal de Šalčininkai		 Vilnius Šalčininkai 1,491 km² 36,992 24.8
A coat of arms depicting a black bear with a silver collar on a red background on the left and a blue eye in a grey triangle on the right
Ciutat municipial de Šiauliai		 Šiauliai Šiauliai 81 km² 125,453 1,548.8
A coat of arms depicting an angry, grey bear with yellow claws and a long, red tongue gripping a yellow axe in its paws all on a blue background
Districte municipal de Šiauliai		 Šiauliai Šiauliai[nb 1] 1,807 km² 49,199 27.2
A coat of arms depicting five red leaves in a straight, horizontal row on a grey background at the top and five grey leaves on a red background at the bottom
Districte municipal de Šilalė		 Tauragė Šilalė 1,188 km² 29,486 24.8
A coat of arms depicting a grey boat hovering over two partitions of grey water that are themselves hovering over a grey horn all on a green-and-black background
Districte municipal de Šilutė		 Klaipėda Šilutė 1,706 km² 52,119 30.6
A coat of arms depicting a silver-bladed sword with a golden hilt standing erect between the silver antlers of a silver moose head
Districte municipal de Širvintos		 Vilnius Širvintos 906 km² 18,629 20.6
A coat of arms depicting a silver fish swimming to the right on the top and another fish swimming to the left on the bottom all on a blue background
Districte municipal de Švenčionys		 Vilnius Švenčionys 1,692 km² 29,922 17.7
A coat of arms depicting a rounded, silver horn hung up by a rounded, silver strap all on a solid red background bordered by a black line
Districte municipal de Tauragė		 Tauragė Tauragė 1,179 km² 49,925 42.3
A coat of arms depicting a bishop in brown robes with a brown mitre on his head surrounded by a golden halo looking at another man
Districte municipal de Telšiai		 Telšiai Telšiai 1,439 km² 53,821 37.4
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour holding a white spear in his right hand and a red-and-yellow shield in his left hand
Districte municipal de Trakai		 Vilnius Trakai 1,208 km² 35,700 29.6
A coat of arms depicting an open book with a red rose on one page and a red bull on the other all hovering over a red heart with a building in the background
Districte municipal d'Ukmergė		 Vilnius Ukmergė 1,395 km² 44,783 32.1
A coat of arms depicting a golden horseshoe hovering over a white, 8-point star all on a blue background bordered by a thin, black line
Districte municipal d'Utena		 Utena Utena 1,230 km² 46,939 38.2
A coat of arms depicting a golden scarab with wings and legs outstretched flying over six purple flowers all on a blue background
Districte municipal de Varėna		 Alytus Varėna 2,218 km² 27,604 12.4
A coat of arms depicting a large, red fleur-de-lis that has a horizontal symmetry axis all on a blue background bordered by a black line
Districte municipal de Vilkaviškis		 Marijampolė Vilkaviškis 1,259 km² 47,204 37.5
A coat of arms depicting a white man with a white cape holding a golden staff and giving a ride to a white, golden-haloed child on his shoulder
Ciutat municipial de Vílnius		 Vilnius Vílnius 401 km² 560,192 1,397.0
A coat of arms depicting a man in full body armour riding a black horse and carrying a white spear with a golden blade in his right hand
Districte municipal de Vílnius		 Vilnius Vílnius[nb 1] 2,129 km² 96,484 45.3
A coat of arms depicting a grey bird with a long, twisting neck, a yellow, pointy beak, and long yellow legs all on a dark blue background
Municipi de Visaginas		 Utena Visaginas 58 km² 28,335 488.5
A coat of arms depicting a grey animal with the body of a fish and the head of a deer on a blue background at the top and a sword on the bottom
Districte municipal de Zarasai		 Utena Zarasai 1,334 km² 19,855 14.9

Vegeu també

Notes

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 Els centres administratius d'aquests municipis es troben a fora del municipi pròpiament.

Referències

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 «Timeline: Lithuania». BBC News, 17-11-2010. [Consulta: 9 març 2011].
  2. ↑ «Lithuania country profile». BBC News, 17-11-2010. [Consulta: 9 març 2011].
  3. ↑ Conference on Local and Regional Authority Co-operation in the Baltic Sea Area: proceedings, Kaunas, Lithuania, 21-23, April 1999. Council of Europe, gener 2000, p. 9. ISBN 978-92-871-4538-3 [Consulta: 16 febrer 2011]. 
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Jolanta Vaičiūnienė. «The Administrative–Territorial Reform in Lithuania: History and Today». Council of Europe, 14-11-2008. Arxivat de l'original el 2011-07-22. [Consulta: 16 febrer 2011].
  5. ↑ Local Economic and Employment Development (Program); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Baltic partnerships: integration, growth and local governance in the Baltic Sea Region. OECD Publishing, abril 2007, p. 75. ISBN 978-92-64-02928-6 [Consulta: 23 febrer 2011]. 
  6. ↑ Council of Europe. State of human rights and democracy in Europe. Council of Europe, 2007, p. 269–271. ISBN 978-92-871-6288-5 [Consulta: 17 febrer 2011]. 
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Miluše Kindlová. Constitutional law of 10 EU member states: the 2004 enlargement. Kluwer, 2006, p. 603–604. ISBN 978-90-13-03468-4 [Consulta: 17 febrer 2011]. 
  8. ↑ Municipality administrative centers and coats of arms are given by Statistics Lithuania in subpages under the Portrait of the Regions of Lithuania; e.g. Alytus town municipality Arxivat 2011-05-26 a Wayback Machine.
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 «M3010211: >>>Total area and population by administrative territory». Statistics Lithuania. Arxivat de l'original el 3 de juliol 2009. [Consulta: 16 febrer 2011].