Gèrrids

Infotaula d'ésser viuGèrrids
Gerridae Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Gerris remigis Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Enregistrament

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Taxonomia
SuperregneHolozoa
RegneAnimalia
FílumArthropoda
ClasseInsecta
OrdreHemiptera
SubordreHeteroptera
InfraordreGerromorpha
SuperfamíliaGerroidea
FamíliaGerridae Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Leach, 1815
Subfamilies[1]

Els gèrrids (Gerridae) són una família d'hemípters heteròpters de l'infraordre Gerromorpha,[2] que inclou els coneguts popularment com a sabaters,[3] per bé que aquest nom s'aplica també a altres famílies de xinxes aquàtiques, com ara el Hydrometridae.[4]

Patinen amb rapidesa sobre l'aigua aprofitant la tensió superficial d'aquest líquid i la hidrofòbia dels pèls de les seves potes i capturen insectes que cauen a l'aigua. Es coneixen vora 500 espècies situades en prop de 60 gèneres.[1]

Noms comuns

Sabaters (d'aigua), babots, sastres, teixidors, i al País Valencià parís-pariràs, aclaridors, corredores.[cal citació]

Descripció física

Sabaters copulant

La seva llargada oscil·la entre 1,6 mm (en el gènere Rheumatobates) fins a 36 mm. La forma del seu cos, segons les espècies, pot anar des de prima i allargada fins a quasi completament rodona. Una característica de tots els gèrrids són les seves potes primes i allargades que els permeten de caminar sobre l'aigua sense enfonsar-s'hi. El cos i les potes estan coberts amb pèls fins. Normalment el cap és allargat. En general, les ales estan poc o gens desenvolupades. Tanmateix, algunes espècies sí que en tenen i les fan servir per a colonitzar nous hàbitats.[1]

Ecologia

Són insectes, depredadors d'altres insectes o petits invertebrats, que viuen en basses, corrents dèbils, marjals i altres aigües quietes. Es poden moure a velocitats de 1,5 m/s.

Cinc espècies del gènere Halobates són els únics insectes que han colonitzat hàbitats dins del mar obert.[5]

Naturalesa de les seves potes hidròfobes

Impacte sobre l'aigua de les potes del sabaters

Els sabaters aconsegueixen de caminar sobre l'aigua gràcies a les seves potes que no es mullen.

Segons van demostrar els biofísics Xuefeng Cao i Lei Jiang a la revista Nature la resistència de l'aigua de les potes dels sabaters és deguda a l'estructura jeràrquica que tenen gràcies al fet de ser cobertes de pèls amb una especial orientació i propietats nanomètriques més que no pas a la cera amb què estan també cobertes.[6]

Referències i notes

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Schuh R.T., Slater J.A. (1995). True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA. 336 pp.
  2. ↑ «ITIS - Report: Gerridae». [Consulta: 23 desembre 2021].
  3. ↑ «Cercaterm | TERMCAT». [Consulta: 22 desembre 2021].
  4. ↑ DCVB: Sabater.
  5. ↑ Sperling F. et al. (2001). Molecular genetics and distribution of the ocean-skater Halobates (Heteroptera: Gerridae). The ESA 2001 Annual Meeting - 2001: An Entomological Odyssey of ESA.
  6. ↑ Gao X, Jiang L «Biophysics: water-repellent legs of water striders». Nature, 432, 7013, 2004, pàg. 36. DOI: 10.1038/432036a. PMID: 15525973.

Enllaços externs

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