Esfingomielina

Infotaula de compost químicEsfingomielina
Substància químicaclasse estructural d'entitats químiques Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Estructura química
SMILES isomèric

C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H](NC([*])=O)[C@H](O)[*] Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Esfingomielina
Negre:Esfingosina
Vermell:Fosfocolina
Blau:Àcid gras

L'esfingomielina (en anglès: Sphingomyelin, SPH), és un tipus d'esfingolípid present en la membrana cel·lular dels animals, especialment en la beina de la mielina membranosa que envolta alguns axons de les cèl·lules nervioses. Normalment consta de fosforilcolina i ceramida. En els humans representa el ~85% del total d'esfingolípids.

En els humans l'esfingomielina es creu que és l'únic fosfolípid de la membrana cel·lular que no deriva del glicerol. Com en tots els esfingolípids, el SPH té un nucli de ceramida (esfingosina enllaçat a un àcid gras via un enllaç d'amida. A més té un cap polar, ja sia de fosfocolina o de fosfoetanolamina.

S'ha descobert recentment que té un paper en la transducció de senyal.[1] Les alteracions en l'esfingomielina poden donar diverses malalties hereditàries rares com ñade Niemann-Pick i també l'acantocitesi.

Imatges

Vegeu també

Referències

  1. ↑ Kolesnick, R. «Signal transduction through the sphingomyelin pathway» (en anglès). Molecular and chemical neuropathology, n.21, febrer-abril 1994, p.287-297 [Consulta: 3 novembre 2012].

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