↑Günther, A., 1889. Report on the pelagic fishes collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 31 (pt 78): 1-47, Pls. 1-6.
↑Harold, A.S., 1999. Gonostomatidae: bristlemouths. P. 1896-1899. A: K.E. Carpenter i V.H. Niem (eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Roma.