Construcció ciclòpia

La construcció ciclòpia és un tipus de maçoneria característica de l'arquitectura micènica, construïda amb enormes roques calcàries, mínimament desbastades, que encaixen entre si i sense argamassa (construcció en pedra seca). Les roques podien ser utilitzades en brut, però a vegades es troben més o menys treballades; en poques ocasions, es troben completament escairades. Els espais entre els carreus se solien omplir amb petits trossos de pedra calcària. Aquest tipus de construcció no s'ha de confondre amb la tècnica megalítica.

Localitzacions d'estructures ciclòpies

Els exemples més famosos en són les murades de Micenes i Tirint, però l'arquitectura ciclòpia es va utilitzar en altres assentaments micènics com Gla i en altres estructures com els tolos.

Els nurags de l'edat del bronze a Sardenya també van ser construïts amb tècnica ciclòpia. La cultura talaiòtica de les Illes Balears, o més concretament de les Gimnèsies (Mallorca i Menorca), amb els seus talaiots i navetes, també va utilitzar aquesta tècnica constructiva.^[1] Algunes construccions que daten de l'època romana i són considerades ciclòpies es poden trobar, per exemple, a Tarragona (Catalunya), en una gran part de les muralles romanes.

A Irlanda, la maçoneria ciclòpia es pot veure en la construcció d'algunes esglésies altmedievals.

Als Andes, en algunes construccions incaiques es va utilitzar també la tècnica ciclòpia. L'exemple més significatiu és la fortalesa de Sacsayhuamán, situada a dos quilòmetres de Cusco (Perú).^[2] Algunes cultures preincaiques també van utilitzar aquesta tècnica constructiva, com es pot observar, per exemple, a la ciutat de Tiwanaku,^[3] (Bolívia).

A Wyoming, EUA, la presa Pathfinder a l'embassament de Pathfinder Reservoir, situat a 76 quilòmetres al sud-oest de Casper (Wyoming), està construïda amb tècnica ciclòpia; tot i que és una estructura de principis del segle xx.^[4]

Vegeu també

Pedra seca.
megalitisme.

Referències

↑ PLANTALAMOR MASSANET, L. (1991) L'arquitectura prehistórica i protohistórica de Menorca i el seu marc cultural. Treballs del Museu de Menorca 12. Maó.
↑ BAUER, B. (2007) Ancient Cuzco. University of Texas Press
↑ ^{[enllaç sense format]} http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/567
↑ FROST, N. «National Register of Historic Places — Inventory-Nomination Form: Pathfinder Dam». National Park Service, 1971. [Consulta: 24 setembre 2013].

Enllaços externs

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Construcció ciclòpia

Descripció de Micenes (anglès).
La civilització micènica Arxivat 2006-09-02 a Wayback Machine. (anglès).

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