↑Eigenmann C. H. 1912. The freshwater fishes of British Guiana, including a study of the ecological grouping of species, and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to that of the lowlands. Memories of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (núm. 1). i-xxii + 1-578.
Bockmann, F.A. i G.M. Guazzelli 2003. Heptapteridae (Heptapterids). p. 406-431. A R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander i C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil.
Burgess, W. E. An atlas of freshwater and marine catfishes. A preliminary survey of the Siluriformes (en anglès). T.F.H. Publications, Inc., 1989. ISBN 9780866228916.
Eigenmann, C. H. 1922. The fishes of western South America, Part I. The fresh-water fishes of northwestern South America, including Colombia, Panama, and the Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Peru, together with an appendix upon the fishes of the Rio Meta in Colombia. Memories of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (núm. 1): 1-346, Pls. 1-38.