Celesta

Infotaula d'instrument musicalCelesta
Tipussets of percussion plaques (en) Tradueix i instrument de teclat Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Classificació Hornbostel-Sachs111.222 Modifica el valor a Wikidata

Mostra d'àudio
Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Celesta d'estil alemany.

La celesta és un instrument musical, de composició similar a piano, però els martells activats per tecles percuden a plaques de metall en lloc de cordes tenses. Aquestes plaques en ser colpejades provoquen una ressonància sobre una caixa de fusta destinada a aquest fi, produint un so "celestial", del qual prové el nom.[1]

La celesta és un instrument musical de teclat inventat entre 1866 i 1886 pel constructor d'harmòniums parisenc Auguste Mustel, i el seu origen sembla provenir del gendér javanès.

Adopta l'aparença d'un petit piano vertical en què les cordes han estat reemplaçades per làmines metàl·liques que travessen els tubs de ressonància de fusta. A causa de l'acció de les tecles, uns martells colpegen les làmines, igual que en el piano, hi ha un pedal que permet accionar els apagadors. Les làmines produeixen sons de gran puresa, suavitzats per les vibracions dels ressonadors (un per nota[1]). La seva extensió sol abastar de 4 a 5 octaves, començant sempre la primera tecla en do, equivalent al DO2 del Piano, encara que alguns models (sobretot el 5 1/2a de Yamaha) poden ampliar-lo fins a 5/8 i mitja (fins al fa).

Hi ha, com en el cas del piano, celesta de model exclusiu, amb forma de piano de cua mignon, o fins i tot celestes d'un rang equivalent al d'un piano (8 octaves), però, el fet de construir les celestes enormes per aquest motiu, les fa tremendament ressonants, i embafadores a cau d'orella, de manera que gairebé mai es construeixen.

Els compositors francesos i russos van ser els primers a utilitzar aquest instrument dins de l'orquestra simfònica. Cèlebres són els exemples que trobem en obres com El Trencanous de Txaikovski, Ma mère l'Oye de Ravel o El cavaller de la rosa de Richard Strauss.

La celesta és l'instrument que sona al principi de la banda sonora de les pel·lícules de Harry Potter, en la gran "Everyday" de Buddy Holly i en la famosa cançó Light My Fire de The Doors, també, és l'instrument que George Martin utilitza en la versió de The Beatles de Baby It's You.

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Celesta
  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Cecil Forsyth. Orchestration. Courier Dover Publications, 1 octubre 1982, p. 64–. ISBN 9780486243832 [Consulta: 30 abril 2011]. 

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