Apotropaic

L'adjectiu apotropaic (del grec apotropein, 'desviar') s'aplica als talismans, fetitxes, escultures, figures, oracions, paraules o frases que, pretesament, desvien o desvirtuen les influències malèfiques d'eixarms, encanteris, maleficis, sortilegis, esperits malèvols o qualsevol altra causa. Alguns exemples famosos d'objectes, frases o gestos apotropaics serien:

  • El cap de Medusa, que sovint es dibuixava en els escuts dels hoplites grecs clàssics.
  • La “mà de Fàtima” o hamsa de l'Àfrica del Nord.
  • El "nazar" també dit ull turc o ull grec, contra el mal d'ull.
  • La ferradura de cavall.
  • El “detente bala” dels soldats carlins.
  • Els fal·lus contra la impotència.
  • Les medalles de sant Cristòfor de Lícia als cotxes, per a evitar accidents.
  • Dir “Jesús” quan algú esternuda, per a evitar complicacions de salut.
  • Tocar ferro davant l'esment de qualsevol mal averany.
  • Trencar una ampolla de cava en botar un vaixell per a foragitar la possibilitat de naufragi.

Bibliografia

  • Éloïse Mozzani, Le livre des superstitions : mythes, croyances et légendes, Paris, R. Laffont, coll. «Bouquins», 1995, 1822 p. (ISBN 978-2-2210-6830-4, OCLC 300021797).
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