Triarii

Raspored trupa u legiji. Na krilima je konjica.

Triarii su bili pripadnici treće linije teške pješadije u vojnim formacijama Rimske Republike. Naziv triarii ima korijen u riječi iz latinskog jezika tre, odnosno proto-indoevropske riječi trei. Zadatak ovih boraca bio je da učestvuju u borbi kada prve dvije linije (hastati i principes) ne bi uspjeli pobijediti neprijateljske jedinice ili kada ne bi uspjeli odoljeti napadu neprijatelja (mada se to rijetko deševalo). Bila je velika čast biti na čelu ovih boraca a osim toga, triarii oficiri su imali veću platu od ostalih kolega oficira i mogli su jahati konja za vrijeme dugog marša.

Kao dio formacije legija, triarii su bili raspoređeni u 10 manipola od po 60 boraca, ukupno 600 po legiji. Triarii su bili veterani u rimskoj vojsci i borci sa najviše iskustva. Ulazili su u bitku samo u krajnjoj nuždi jer su lakše trupe najčešće same uspijevale poraziti neprijatelja. Prije vojne reforme koju je sproveo Gaius Marius legionari su morali sami snositi trošak nabavke opreme i oružja. Dakle, oni bogatiji su bili naoružani kvalitetnijim oružjem i opremom i bili su pripadnici "elitnijih" jedinica. Oni najsiromašniji, hastati, borili su se u prvoj liniji.

Triarii su bili naoružani dugim kopljima i štitovima. Koplja su bila duga oko 2-3 metra a također su nosili i mač gladius, dug oko 74 centimetra i koristili ga u slučaju da neprijatelj uspije prići previše blizu. Način njihove borbe bio je sličan hoplitima u formaciji falange, sa velikim okruglim štitovima, šljemovima od bronze i teškim oklopom od metalnih ploča ili majice/košulje od metalne žice, odnosno metalnih prstenova povezanih u gustu mrežu. Korišteni su za odbijanje napada neprijateljske konjice a često su samo čuvali logor pošto je rijetko bilo potrebno njihovo direktno učešće u bitkama. Njihovi štitovi često su bili dekorisani prikazima njihovih predaka pošto su vjerovali da će im donijeti sreću u borbi.

Ipak, njihova i ukupna nedovoljna pokretljivost legija bila je razlog početnih poraza u borbama protiv Samnita na teškom planinskom terenu Apenina. Rimski vojni stratezi su naučili dobru lekciju iz ovih poraza i uveli adekvatne promjene.

Reference

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