Naučna revolucija

Naučna revolucija je bila niz događaja koji su obilježili nastanak moderne nauke tokom ranog modernog perioda, kada su razvoji u matematici, fizici, astronomiji, biologiji (uključujući ljudsku anatomiju) i hemiji transformisali poglede društva na prirodu.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Naučna revolucija se dogodila u Evropi u drugoj polovini renesansnog perioda, sa publikacijom Nikole Kopernika iz 1543. godine De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (O revolucijama nebeskih sfera) koja se često navodi kao njen početak.[7]

Doba naučne renesanse se u određenoj mjeri fokusirala na obnavljanje znanja starih ljudi i smatra se da je kulminirala u publikaciji Isaka Newtona Principia iz 1687. godine koja je formulirala zakone kretanja i univerzalne gravitacije,[8] čime je dovršena sinteza nova kosmologija. Naknadno doba prosvjetiteljstva je vidjelo da se koncept naučne revolucije pojavio u djelu Jean Sylvain Bailly iz 18. vijeka, koji je opisao dvofazni proces brisanja starog i uspostavljanja novog.[9] I dalje postoji naučni angažman u vezi sa granicama naučne revolucije i njenom hronologijom.

Portret Galilea Galileja, Leonija
Ptolemejski model sfera za Veneru, Mars, Jupiter i Saturn. Georg von Peuerbach, Theoricae novae planetarum, 1474.
Francis Bacon je bio ključna figura u uspostavljanju naučne metode istraživanja. Portret uradio Frans Pourbus Mlađi (1617.).
Isak Njutn na portretu Godfrija Knelera iz 1702
Francuska akademija nauka osnovana je 1666.
Portret Johannesa Keplera
Principi Isaka Newtona, razvili su prvi set unificiranih naučnih zakona.

Reference

  1. ^ Galilei, Galileo (1974) Two New Sciences, trans. Stillman Drake, (Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Pr. pp. 217, 225, 296–67.
  2. ^ Moody, Ernest A. (1951). "Galileo and Avempace: The Dynamics of the Leaning Tower Experiment (I)". Journal of the History of Ideas. 12 (2): 163–93. doi:10.2307/2707514. JSTOR 2707514.
  3. ^ Clagett, Marshall (1961) The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages. Madison, Univ. of Wisconsin Pr. pp. 218–19, 252–55, 346, 409–16, 547, 576–78, 673–82
  4. ^ Maier, Anneliese (1982) "Galileo and the Scholastic Theory of Impetus," pp. 103–23 in On the Threshold of Exact Science: Selected Writings of Anneliese Maier on Late Medieval Natural Philosophy. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr. ISBN 0-8122-7831-3
  5. ^ Hannam, p. 342
  6. ^ Grant, pp. 29–30, 42–47.
  7. ^ Juan Valdez, The Snow Cone Diaries: A Philosopher's Guide to the Information Age, p 367.
  8. ^ "PHYS 200 – Lecture 3 – Newton's Laws of Motion – Open Yale Courses". oyc.yale.edu.
  9. ^ Cohen, I. Bernard (1976). "The Eighteenth-Century Origins of the Concept of Scientific Revolution". Journal of the History of Ideas. 37 (2): 257–88. doi:10.2307/2708824. JSTOR 2708824.

Literatura

  • Burns, William E. The Scientific Revolution in Global Perspective (Oxford University Press, 2016) xv + 198 pp.
  • Cohen, H. Floris. The Rise of Modern Science Explained: A Comparative History (Cambridge University Press, 2015). vi + 296 pp.
  • Grant, E. (1996). The Foundations of Modern Science in the Middle Ages: Their Religious, Institutional, and Intellectual Contexts. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56762-6.
  • Hannam, James (2011). The Genesis of Science. Regnery. ISBN 978-1-59698-155-3.
  • Henry, John. The Scientific Revolution and the Origins of Modern Science (2008), 176 pp
  • Knight, David. Voyaging in Strange Seas: The Great Revolution in Science (Yale U.P., 2014) viii + 329 pp.
  • Lindberg, D.C. The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, 600 B.C. to A.D. 1450 (Univ. of Chicago Press, 1992).
  • Lyons, Martyn (2011). Books: A Living History. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum. ISBN 978-1-60606-083-4.
  • Pedersen, Olaf (1993). Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction. Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-40899-8.
  • Sharratt, Michael (1994). Galileo: Decisive Innovator. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56671-1.
  • Shapin, Steven (1996). The Scientific Revolution. Chicago: Chicago University Press. ISBN 978-0-226-75020-0.
  • Weinberg, Steven. To Explain the World: The Discovery of Modern Science (2015) xiv + 417 pp.
  • Westfall, Richard S. Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton (1983).
  • Westfall, Richard S. (1971). The Construction of Modern Science. New York: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-521-29295-5.
  • Wootton, David. The Invention of Science: A New History of the Scientific Revolution (Penguin, 2015) . xiv + 769 pp. ISBN 0-06-175952-X

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