Mekong

Mekong (Mae Nam Khong)
Države Kina, Mjanmar, Laos, Tajland, Kambodža, Vijetnam
Dužina4.350 km
IzvorPlanina Guozongmucha, 5.224 m
NV izvora5.224 m
UšćeDelta Mekonga
Prosječni protok16.000
Površina sliva795.000 km2

Mekong je pogranična rijeka u jugoistočnoj Aziji. To je dvanaesta najduža rijeka u svijetu i sedma u Aziji.[1] Dužina joj je procijenjena na oko 4.350 km.[1][2] Od Tibetanskog platoa (Kina), gdje izvire, Mekong protiče kroz Mjanmar (bivša Burma), Laos, Tajland, Kambodžu i Vijetnam, gdje se kroz deltu ulijeva u Južnokinesko more.

Naziv

U bosanskom jeziku za ovu rijeku koristimo naziv "Mekong" koji je izveden iz termina "Mae Nam Khong" ili "Tonle Mekong". Oba pojma su tajlandskog, laoskog i kambodžanskog porijekla. Na jeziku Kmera "Mae" znači "Veliki, glavni, majka" a "Kong" je skraćenica od riječi "Kongkea", a znači "voda". U toponimiji Laosa, Tajlanda i Kambodže, sve velike rijeke se označavaju terminom "majka rijeka" a što se signalizira prefiksom "Mae", što znači "majka" i "Nam" što označava "vodu". U slučaju rijeke Mekong, Mae Nam Khong znači Khong, Majku vode.[3] "Khong" ili "Kongkea" potiče od riječi "Ganga" iz sanskritskog jezika a označava "svetu vodu" ili Ganges.

S obzirom da Mekong protiče kroz više država, u lokalnim jezicima postoji mnogo različitih imena za ovu rijeku.

Tok

Pogled na rijeku Mekong

Mekong izvire kao Lancang u "Području tri rijeke" na tibetanskoj visoravni u Sanjiangyuan Nacionalnom rezervatu prirode. Pod zaštitom rezervata su gornji tokovi rijeka: Mekong, Jangce i Hoangho.[2] Rijeka teče jugoistočno kroz Yunnan provinciju, a zatim kroz Hengduan planinu, zajedno s Jangce na sjeveru i rijekom Salween na jugu. Potom Mekong prolazi kroz tačku gdje se spajaju granice Kine, Mijanmara i Laosa. Dalje rijeka teče prema jugozapadu pri čemu tvori granicu između Burme i Laosa dugu oko 100 km dok ne stigne ponovo do tačke gdje se spajaju državne granice Burme, Laosa i Tajlanda. Područje oko ove tačke se ponekad naziva "Zlatni trougao", iako se ovaj pojam također odnosi na znatno veće području koje je ozloglašeno kao regija proizvođača droga. Od Zlatnog trougla, Mekong nastavlja jugoistočno pri čemu u manjoj dužini formira granicu između Laosa i Tajlanda. Onda nastavlja teči istočno kroz unutrašnjost Laosa, a zatim južno nekih 400 km do granice gdje ponovo tvori granicu između Laosa i Tajlanda. Granicom ove dvije zemlje teče još oko 850 km. Nakon toga Mekong skreće na istok, prolazeći pored glavnog grada Laosa, Vientianea, a zatim skreće na jug. Drugi put, rijeka napušta granicu i teče istočno kroz Laos. Na jugu Laosa Mekong prelazi u Kambodžu pri čemu prolazi kroz glavni grad te zemlje Phnom Penh, poslije čega teče jugistočno do granice sa Vijetnamom. Kroz Vijetnam nastavlja teči također jugoistočno do Južnokineskog mora gdje se kroz deltu ulijeva u to more.

Reference

  1. ^ a b S. Liu, P. Lu, D. Liu, P. Jin & W. Wang (2009). "Pinpointing source and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world". International Journal of Digital Earth. 2 (1): 80–87. doi:10.1080/17538940902746082.CS1 održavanje: više imena: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b Mekong River Commission (2010). "State of the Basin Report, 2010" (PDF). MRC, Vientiane, Laos.
  3. ^ Thi Dieu Nguyen (1999). The Mekong River and the Struggle for Indochina: Water, War, and Peace. Cambridge, MA: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-96137-0.

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