Korejsko poluostrvo

Korejsko poluostrvo je poluostrvo u istočnoj Aziji. Okružen je Japanskim morem (Istočnim morem) na istoku, Istočnim kineskim morem na jugu, Žutim morem na zapadu i Korejskim prolazom koji spaja prve dvije vodene mase. Sjeverna granica poluostrvo poklapa se sa granicom Sjeverne Koreje i Kine, odnosno Rusije i ide tokom rijeka Yalu i Tuman.

Ukupno sa ostrvima korejsko poluostrvo obuhvata površinu od 220.847 km2.

Reljef

Korejsko poluostrvo iz satelita

Planine pokrivaju 70% Korejskog poluostrva, često prelazeći visinu od 1.500 metara. Obradivo zemljište je malehno i rijetko te se nalazi u vidu polja između planinskih lanaca. Najveća su polja oko Pjongjanga, te nizina oko rijeke Han. Poluostrvo ima više planina na sjeveru i istoku, s najvišim planinama (uključujući Paektu-san s 2.744 metara visine) na sjeveru.

Poluostrvo ima 8.460 km obale, s time da su južne i zapadne obale posebno razvedene; većina od 3.579 ostrva koji pripadaju poluostrvu smještena duž zapadnih i južnih obala.

Teren na korejskom poluostrvu je naboran, prekriven niskim planinama. Većina stijena je prakambrijskog porijekla, iako se mogu naći izolirane nakupine paleozoičkih, mezozoičkih i kenozoičkih stijena.

Na poluostrvu ne postoje aktivni vulkani, međutim, Planina Baekdu na sjeveru i Hallasan na jugu imaju kraterska jezera, što ukazuje da su bili aktivni ne tako davno. Uz za Ostrvo Ulleung u Japanskom moru se vjeruje da je vulkanskog porijekla. Također, termalni izvori koji ukazuju na vulkansku aktivnost su rašireni duž poluostrva. Prosječno, na poluostrvu se bilježe dva potresa godišnje, ali nemaju veliki efekt.

Klima

Klima poluostrva je prilično različita na njegovom sjevernom i južnom dijelu. Dok sjeverni dio ima pretežno kontinentalnu klimu, južni dio pod uticajem Istočnokorejske tople struje, ogranka Kuro Shio struje, ima relativno toplu i vlažnu klimu. Razlika u prosječnoj temperaturi između sjevernog i južnog dijela kreće se i do 20 °C. Uporedo, količina padavina u regionu rijeke Yalu na sjeveru (600 mm) je duplo manja od one na južnoj obali Korejskog poluostrva (1500 mm).

Cijelo poluostrvo je, međutim, pod utjecajem istih vremenskih ciklusa, uključujući istočnoazijske monsune u sredini ljeta i česte uragane na jesen. Većina kišnih padavina se događa tokom ljeta, a skoro polovina u sezoni monsuna. Zime su hladne, s januarskim temperaturama obično ispod nule, a padavine su rijetke osim na planinama.

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