Hebrejski jezik

Hebrejski jezik

Hebrejski ili jevrejski jezik je dio porodice semitskih jezika, kojim govori nekih 6 miliona ljudi, uglavnom u Izraelu, na Zapadnoj obali, Sjedinjenim Američkim Državavama, te u drugim zemljama svijeta gdje postoje jevrejske zajednice.

Korijen mu dolazi od klasičnog hebrejskog jezika, koji je korišten pri pisanju Starog zavjeta prije 3300 godina. Židovi su za njega koristili izraz לשון הקודש Lashon ha-Qodesh ("Sveti jezik"), jer su njime pisane knjige smatrane svetima.

Većina naučnika se slaže da je nakon prvog uništenja Jeruzalema od strane babilonskog kralja Nabukadnezara II godine 607. p. n. e. klasični hebrejski počeo nestajati u korist mišnajskog hebrejskog i lokalnih verzija aramejskog jezika.

Nakon što se jevrejsko stanovništvo Judeje pod rimskom okupacijom počelo smanjivati, smatra se da je hebrejski u potpunosti iščezao iz svakodnevnog govora oko godine 200. No, ostao je u upotrebi kao pisani jezikom kroz vijekove. Njime su se pisali ne samo vjerski, nego i svjetovni tekstovi kao što su pisma, poslovni ugovori, naučni i filozofski spisi, poezija itd.

Hebrejski je ponovno ušao u svakodnevni govor krajem 19. i početkom 20. vijeka kao moderni hebrejski jezik. To je bila posljedica nastojanja da se Jevreji profiliraju kao moderna nacija, što nije bilo lako postići uz cijeli niz jezika - arapski, judezmo (ladino), jidiš, ruski i drugi jezici kojima su se koristile različite židovske zajednice u svijetu.

Moderni hebrejski je godine 1921. postao službenim jezikom u britanskom mandatu Palestine, a nakon toga i službeni jezik Države Izrael. Hebrejsko ime za jezik je Ivrit (עברית).

Hebrejsko pismo

Hebrejski se piše posebnim hebrejskim pismom.

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Nedovršeni članak Hebrejski jezik koji govori o lingvistici treba dopuniti. Dopunite ga prema pravilima Wikipedije.


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