Elektronvolt

Frekvencija fotona nasuprot energije čestice u elektronvoltima. Energija fotona varira sa frekvencijom fotona, što je vezano konstantom brzine svjetlosti. Ovi kontrasti sa masivnim česticama od kojih energija zavisi od svoje brzine i ostatka mase.[1][2][3]

Legenda
γ: Gama zrake MIR: srednje infracrveno HF: visoka frek.
HX: Jake X-zrake FIR: daleko infracrveno MF: srednja frek.
SX: Blage X-zrake Radiotalas LF: niska frek.
EUV: Ekstremne ultraljubičaste EHF= ekstremno visoka frek. VLF: veoma niska frek.
NUV: Blizu ultraljubičastog SHF= super visoka frek. VF/ULF: zvučna frek.
Vidljivo svjetlo UHF= ultra visoka frek. SLF: super niska frek.
NIR: Blizu infracrvenog VHF= veoma visoka frek. ELF: ekstremno niska frek.
Frek: Frekvencija

U fizici, elektronvolt[4][5] (simbol eV; također se piše elektron volt) jeste jedinica energije jednaka približno 160 zeptodžula (simbol zJ) ili 1.6×10−19 džula (simbol J). Po definiciji, to je količina energije dobijene (ili izgubljene) nabojem jednog elektrona koji se pomjera kroz električnu potencijalnu razliku jednog volta. Tako je 1 volt (1 džul po kulonu ili 1 J/°C) pomnožen elementarnim nabojem (e, ili 1.602176565(35)×10−19 C). Otuda je, jedan elektronvolt jednak 1.602176565(35)×10−19 J.[6] Historijski, elektronvolt je bio standardna jedinica mjere kroz svoju koristivost u elektrostatičkom akceleratoru čestica zbog čestica sa nabojem q koji ima energiju E = qV kroz prolazak kroz potencijal V; ako se q uzima u cjelobrojnim jedinicama elementarnog naboja i terminalni prednapon u voltima, dobija se energija u eV.

Elektronvolt nije SI jedinica, te je njegova definicija empirijska (za razliku od litra, svjetlosne godine i ostalih takvih ne-SI jedinica), tako da njegova vrijednost u SI jedinicama mora biti dobijena eksperimentalno.[7] Kao elementarni naboj na kojem je zasnovan, on nije nezavisnog kvantiteta nego je jednak 1 J/C √2hα / μ0c0. To je opća jedinica energije u fizici, šire korištena u čvrstom stanju, atomskoj, nuklearnoj i fizici čestica. Često se koristi sa metričkim prefiksima milli-, kilo-, mega-, giga-, tera-, peta- ili exa- (meV, keV, MeV, GeV, TeV, PeV i EeV respektivno). Tako meV stoji za milielektronvolt.

U nekim starijim dokumentima, i u imenu Bevatron, simbol BeV se koristi, koji stoji za milijardu eV; to je ekvivalent za GeV.

Mjera Jedinica SI vrijednost jedinice
Energija eV 1.602176565(35)×10−19 J
Masa eV/c2 1.782662×10−36 kg
Momentum eV/c 5.344286×10−28 kg⋅m/s
Temperatura eV/kB 11604.505(20) K
Vrijeme ħ/eV 6.582119×10−16 s
Udaljenost ħc/eV 1.97327×10−7 m

Također pogledajte

Reference

  1. ^ "What is Light?" (PDF). Arhivirano s originala (PDF), 5. 12. 2013. Pristupljeno 22. 6. 2015.
  2. ^ Elert, Glenn. "The Electromagnetic Spectrum, The Physics Hypertextbook". Hypertextbook.com. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2010.
  3. ^ "Definition of frequency bands on". Vlf.it. Pristupljeno 16. 10. 2010.
  4. ^ IUPAC Gold Book, p. 75
  5. ^ SI brochure Arhivirano 16. 7. 2012. na Wayback Machine[dead link], Sec. 4.1 Table 7
  6. ^ "Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST".
  7. ^ "Definitions of the SI units: Non-SI units".

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