Телефонна централа

Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Централа.

Телефонен оператор ръчно свързва клиенти за разговор чрез двойки кабели на телефонен комутационен панел
Телефонна централа (Nortel ДМС)

Телефонната централа е телекомуникационно устройство, предаващо телефонен сигнал от даден телефонен апарат на друг и осигуряващо връзката между тях. Различават се 2 вида: ръчна централа (РТЦ) и автоматична централа (АТЦ).

Процесът на свързване на двата телефонни поста е превключване между две електрически вериги и се нарича комутация.

Телефонните централи се появяват в началото на 20 век, след като абонатите на телефонните мрежи в големите градове нарастват като брой и се налага организация на свръзката между тях. Първи се появяват ръчните телефонни централи (още наричани номератори).

Телефонна централа Сименс, 1930. Експонат от Националния политехнически музей, София

Има няколко поколения автоматични телефонни централи в зависимост от технологията, която използват:

  • електромеханични АТЦ – от началото на 20 век, най-разпространените в България;
  • полупроводникови и хибридни АТЦ – от 1960-те години;
  • цифрови АТЦ – от 1980-те години.

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