Товароподемност

Товароподемност на превозно средство – автомобил, железопътен вагон, плавателен съд, летателен апарат и др., е максималното количество товар (в тонове или килограми), което може да бъде натоварено на него.[1]

Описание

Този показател може да варира от няколкостотин килограма (при малки автомобили) до десетки и даже стотици хиляди тона (при кораби).

Автомобилите се подразделят на такива с малка (до 2,5 т), средна (2,5 – 5 т) и голяма (над 5 т) товароподемност, като самосвалите товарят до 30 т, а камионите за строителството и рудодобива – от 40 до 100 т и дори повече.

Железопътните вагони могат да поемат съответно:

  • 2-осни вагони – от 15 до 27,5 т,
  • 4-осни вагони – от 40 до 62,5 т,
  • 8-осни вагони – до 125 т.

Най-разпространение са корабите с товароподемност от 5 до 25 хил. т, като при танкерите тя е значително по-голяма.

Сравнително по-малка е товароподемността на самолетите – от 5 до 25 т, и особено на хеликоптерите. За авиационните превозни средства е важно също и разстоянието на превоза (и възможностите за зареждане с гориво).

В авиацията

Английският термин payload се прилага за полезния товар, пренасян със самолети или ракети-носители и може да включва карго, пътници, екипаж, амуниции, научна или друга апаратура. Ако се носи допълнително гориво, то също е част от товара. В бизнес контекст (например карго или чартърни полети) полезният товар се ограничава само до носещите приходи товари.[2]

За ракета-носител полезният товар може да е спътник, космическа сонда или космически апарат с хора, животни или друг товар. За балистична ракета полезният товар е една или повече бойни глави и съответните им системи; тяхното тегло се нарича throw-weight.

Източници

  1. ↑ „Товароподемност“, в „Енциклопедичен наръчник по външна търговия“, в 2 тома, тираж 4000, под общ. ред. на ст.н.с. Пенко Пенков, издание на Министерството на външната търговия, София, 1976, т. 2, стр. 340
  2. ↑ Payload – Define Payload at Dictionary.com // Dictionary.com. Посетен на 3 май 2016‎. (на английски)

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