Равнина (математика)

Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Равнина.

Две пресичащи се равнини в триизмерното пространство.

Равнината в геометрията е основен двуизмерен обект.

В триизмерната координатна система, равнината може да се дефинира като множеството от точки, чиито координати удовлетворяват равенството:

,

където a, b, c и d са реални числа, и поне едно от a,b и c е различно от нула.

В евклидово пространство, една равнина се определя от:

  • три точки, нележащи на една права
  • права и точка, нележаща на правата
  • точка и права, перпендикулярна на равнината
  • две пресичащи се или успоредни прави, също определят една равнина.

В триизмерното пространство, две различни равнини или се пресичат в права или са упоредни. Права, която не е успоредна на равнината, я пресича в една точка.

Равнина, определена от точка и нормален вектор

За точката и вектора , уравнението на равнината изглежда така:

за равнината, минаваща през т. и перпендикулярна на вектора .

Равнина, определена от 3 точки

Уравнението на равнина, минаваща през 3 точки , и може да бъде представено по следния начин:

Разстояние от точка до равнина

За точката и равнината , разстоянието от до равнината е:

Ъгъл между две равнини

Ъгълът между равнините и е

.

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