Ледникова епоха

Ледниковата епоха е период на дългосрочна промяна на климата и понижаване на температурата на Земята, в резултат на което се разширява обхватът на полярните ледени шапки и на планинските ледници и се появява континентална ледникова покривка по сушата.

Максимумът на обледеняване при последната ледникова епоха е бил преди приблизително 26 хиляди години^[1]. По това време нивото на световния океан е било с около 120 – 135 m по-ниско от съвременното поради това, че значителна част от водата от хидросферата е била прихваната под формата на ледени покривки с дебелина 3 – 4 km. Поради това много от съвременните плитки шелфови морета не са съществували (Жълто море, Северно море, Персийския и Сиамския залив), а други са били значително по-малки.

По това време ледената покривка е обхващала по-голямата част от Северна Америка, Скандинавския полуостров, северната част на Европа и Източноевропейската равнина. С ледове са били покрити Алпите и Хималаите, както и южните краища на Южна Америка и Австралия.

Последната ледникова епоха завършва между 15 000 и 10 000 години пр.н.е. с краткотрайното Алерьодско затопляне, последвано от ново застудяване, наречено късен дриас. Съобщават се данни за падането на метеорит в Мексико преди 13 хил. години, който е предизвикал късния дриас и масовото измиране на фауната.^[2]^[3]

Източници

↑ Peltier, W. R. et al. Global glacial ice volume and Last Glacial Maximum duration from an extended Barbados sea level record (Abstract) // Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume 25, Issues 23 – 24,. Elsevier B.V., 7 август 2006. p. 3322 – 3337. Посетен на 5 септември 2009. (на английски)
↑ ((en)) Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis – 2012, PNAS
↑ ((ru)) Камень, покончивший с палеолитом. Причиной недавнего глобального похолодания было падение на Землю метеорита – Gazeta.ru

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