Климатична класификация на Кьопен

Климатичната класификация на Кьопен е една от най-използваните системи за класификация на климата. За пръв път е публикувана от немския климатолог с кримски произход Владимир Кьопен през 1884 г., като през годините я модифицира, с по-значителни промени, въведени през 1918 и 1936 г. По-късно немският климатолог Рудолф Гайгер сътрудничи на Кьопен относно промени върху климатичната класификация, поради което е известна и с името Климатична класификация на Кьопен–Гайгер.

Системата се основава на идеята, че местната растителност по най-добър начин изразява климата. Поради това границите на климатичните зони са избрани, като се съблюдава разпределението на флората. Те съчетават средните годишни и месечни температури и валежи, както и сезонноста им.[1]:с. 200 – 1

Актуализирана климатична карта Кьопен-Гайгер [2]
  Af
  Am
  Aw
  BWh
  BWk
  BSh
  BSk
  Csa
  Csb
  Cwa
  Cwb
  Cwc
  Cfa
  Cfb
  Cfc
  Dsa
  Dsb
  Dsc
  Dsd
  Dwa
  Dwb
  Dwc
  Dwd
  Dfa
  Dfb
  Dfc
  Dfd
  ET
  EF

Класификация

В класификацията на Кьопен климатичните типове са разпределени в пет основни групи, които от своя страна се разпределят на подгрупи:

Тропичен климат (Група A)
Характеризира се с постоянни високи температури – средната месечна температура през цялата година е поне 18 °C.
Сух климат (Група B)
Характеризира се с валежи, по-малки от потенциалната евапотранспирация, чиято стойност зависи от средната годишна температура и разпределението на валежите между сезоните.
Умерен климат (Група C)
Характеризира се със средновисоки температури – средна температура за топлото полугодие над 10 °C и минимална средномесечна температура между -3 °C и 18 °C.
Континентален климат (Група D)
Характеризира се с относително ниски температури – максимална средномесечна температура над 10 °C и минимална средномесечна температура под -3 °C.
Полярен климат (Група E)
Характеризира се с много ниски температури – максималната средномесечна температура през цялата година е под 10 °C.

Източници

  1. ↑ McKnight, Tom L; Hess, Darrel. Climate Zones and Types // Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall, 2000. ISBN 0-13-020263-0.
  2. ↑ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification // Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11. 2007. с. 1633 – 1644. (direct: Final Revised Paper)

Вижте също

Тропичен климат (А)
Сух климат (B)
Умерен климат (C)
Континентален климат (D)
Полярен климат (E)

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