Ипел

Ипел
48.6216° с. ш. 19.64° и. д.
47.8183° с. ш. 18.8483° и. д.
Местоположение в Словакия
– начало, – устие
Общи сведения
Местоположение Словакия
Банскобистришки край
Нитрански край
 Унгария
Ноград
Пеща
Дължина233 km
Водосб. басейн5151 km²
Отток25 m³/s
Начало
МястоСловашки Рудни планини
Банскобистришки край
Координати48°37′17.76″ с. ш. 19°38′24″ и. д. / 48.6216° с. ш. 19.64° и. д.
Надм. височина1016 m
Устие
МястоДунав → Черно море
Координати47°49′05.88″ с. ш. 18°50′53.87″ и. д. / 47.8183° с. ш. 18.8483° и. д.
Надм. височина101 m
Ипел в Общомедия
Река Ипел в района на град Шахи, Словакия

Ипел или Ипой (на словашки: Ipeľ, на унгарски: Ipoly) е река в Словакия (Банскобистришки и Нитрански край) и Унгария (области Ноград и Пеща), ляв приток на Дунав, с дължина 233 km и площ на водосборния басейн 5151 km²[1].

Река Ипел води началото си на 1016 m н.в. от южните склонове в западната част на Словашките Рудни планини, на 4,5 km северно от град Латки (Банскобистришки край, Словакия). В горното си течение до Лученецката котловина тече на юг в тясна и дълбока планинска долина. След това завива на югозапад, долината ѝ става широка, преминава през Ипелската котловина, продължава в западна посока, а в най-долното си течение посоката ѝ става южна и югоизточна, като заобикаля ниския масив Бьоржьон (939 m). По цялото средно и долно течение на реката, на протежение от 140 km преминава границата между Словакия и Унгария. Влива се отляво в река Дунав при нейния 1708-и km на 101 m н.в., при унгарския град Соб.[1]

На запад и север водосборният басейн на Ипел граничи с водосборния басейн на река Хрон (ляв приток на Дунав), а на изток и югоизток – с водосборните басейни на реките Тиса и други по-малки леви притоци на Дунав. В тези си граници площта на водосборния басейн на Ипел възлиза на 5151 km² (0,63% т водосборния басейн на Дунав). Основните притоци на реката са десни – Крупиница (65 km), Щявница (55 km).[1]

Ипел има ясно изразено пролетно (през март) пълноводие и лятно маловодие с характерни епизодични летни прииждания в резултат на поройни дъждове във водосборния ѝ басейн. Средният годишен отток е 25 m³/sec.[1]

В миналото реката е била използвана за транспортиране на дървен материал. В горното ѝ течение (над село Малинец) е изграден голям язовир с ВЕЦ. По цялото си протежение долината на реката е гъсто заселена. По-големите селища са градовете: Лученец и Шахи в Словакия; Балашадярмат в Унгария.[1]

Вижте също

Източници

  1. ↑ а б в г д ((ru)) «Большая Советская Энциклопедия» – Ипель, т. 10, стр. 391

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