Емска телеграма

Паметник на Емската телеграма в град Бад Емс, Германия

Емската телеграма е запис на разговор между краля на Прусия Вилхелм I и посланика на Франция граф Венсан Бенедети, състоял се на 13 юли 1870 г. в град Бад Емс и послужил като повод за Френско-пруската война от 1870-1871 г.

Разговорът се води във връзка със спора между Франция и Прусия за испанското наследство. По това време отношенията между двете държави са силно обтегнати, тъй като френският император Наполеон III се стреми да възпрепятства обединяването на германските държави, а Прусия е против френските претенции за Люксембург и Белгия.

Франция се противопоставя категорично на намерението на пруския принц Леополд фон Хоенцолерн-Зигмаринген да стане крал на Испания. Френският посланик иска не само Леополд да оттегли кандидатурата си, но и Вилхелм I да се откаже публично и завинаги от всякакви настоящи и бъдещи претенции към престола в Мадрид. Пруският крал отвръща с отказ и отменя аудиенцията на Бенедети, уговорена за по-късен час на същия ден.

След като получава телеграмата с изложение на разговора, пруският министър-председател Ото фон Бисмарк редактира текста по такъв начин, че когато той излиза на първите страници на немските вестници, общественото мнение в Берлин и Париж е окончателно настроено за война. Сметнал, че престижът на Франция е накърнен заради отказа на пруския монарх да приеме посланика ѝ, Наполеон III обявява война на Прусия на 19 юли.

Литература

  • Пантев, А., Глушков, Хр., Мишев, Р. История на новото време, Изд. Абагар, Велико Търново 1998, ISBN 954-427-127-9, стр. 290-291
  • Thackeray, F. Events that Changed Germany, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, ISBN 0-313-32814-5, p. 28
  • Wawro, G. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871, Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-58436-1, pp. 36-37

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