Гастон Башлар

Гастон Башлар
Gaston Bachelard
френски философ
Гастон Башлар през 1965 г.
Гастон Башлар през 1965 г.

Роден
Починал
ПогребанФранция

Националност Франция
Учил вПарижки хуманитарен факултет[1]
Философия
РегионЗападна философия
ШколаИсторическа епистемология, конструктивистка епистемология, феноменология
ИнтересиИстория и философия на науката, философия на изкуството, психоанализа, литературна теория, образование
Идеиепистемологичен пробив, феноменология на поетичното въображение
ПовлиянРене Декарт, Едмунд Хусерл
ПовлиялПиер Бурдийо, Александър Койре, Жорж Кангилем, Томас Кун, Мишел Фуко, Луи Алтюсер, Жан-Мишел Бертело

Подпис
Гастон Башлар в Общомедия

Гастон Башлар (на френски: Gaston Bachelard) е френски философ. Най-важните му трудове са в областта на поетиката и философията на науката (в която въвежда понятията „епистемологична спънка“ / „епистемологично препятствие“ и „епистемологичен пробив“ – на френски: obstacle épistémologique et rupture épistémologique). Башлар е и поет, който достига до някои от най-престижните позиции във Френската академия независимо от скромния си произход.

От него са повлияни много френски философи от втората половина на 20 век, между които Мишел Фуко, Луи Алтюсер и Жак Дерида.

Биография

Роден е на 27 юни 1884 година в Бар сюр Об, Франция. Следва физика, преди да се заинтересува от философията. Той става професор в Дижон през 1930 – 1940 г., а по-късно преподавател по история и философия на науката в Сорбоната.

Умира на 16 октомври 1962 година в Париж на 78-годишна възраст.

Научна дейност

Психология на науката на Башлар

Трудове като „Новият научен дух“ (Le nouvel esprit scientifique, 1934) и „Формирането на научния ум“ (La formation de l'esprit scientifique, 1938) са базирани върху визия за философия на науката като вид психоанализа на научния ум.

Епистемология

Башлар е картезиански рационалист, въпреки че предлага некартезианска епистемология в контраст с класическото картезианство. За него грешката е само илюзия. Тук ролята на епистемологията е като история на продукция на понятията.

Промени в научното разбиране

Башлар посочва, че привидно ирационални теории всъщност правят промените в научното мислене и модерните науки заменят класическата онтология.

Библиография

  • Essai sur la connaissance approchée, thèse principale, Paris, Vrin, 1927 ISBN 2-7116-0042-4
  • Étude sur l'évolution d'un problème de physique. La propagation thermique dans les solides, Paris, Vrin, 1927 ISBN 2-7116-0043-2
  • La Valeur inductive de la relativité, Paris, Vrin, 1929 ISBN 2-7116-8004-5
  • Le Pluralisme cohérent de la chimie moderne, Paris, Vrin, 1929 ISBN 2-7116-0044-0
  • L'Intuition de l'instant. Étude sur la Siloë de Gaston Roupnel, Paris, Stock, 1932 ISBN 2-253-94197-2
  • Les Intuitions atomistiques: essai de classification, Boivin, 1933 (rééd. Vrin)
  • Le Nouvel Esprit scientifique, Alcan, 1934 ISBN 2-13-054249-2
  • La Dialectique de la durée, Boivin, 1936 ISBN 2-13-054961-6
  • L'Expérience de l'espace dans la physique contemporaine, Alcan, 1937
  • La Formation de l'esprit scientifique. Contribution à une psychanalyse de la connaissance objective, Paris, Vrin, 1938 ISBN 2-7116-1150-7
  • La Psychanalyse du feu, Paris, Gallimard, 1938 ISBN 2-07-032325-0
  • Lautréamont, José Corti, 1939 (nouvelle édition 1951) ISBN 2-7143-0124-X
  • La Philosophie du non: essai d'une philosophie du nouvel esprit scientifique, PUF, 1940 ISBN 2-13-054984-5
  • L'Eau et les rêves: Essai sur l'imagination de la matière, José Corti, 1941 ISBN 2-253-06099-2
  • L'Air et les Songes: Essai sur l'imagination du mouvement, José Corti, 1943 ISBN 2-253-06100-X
  • La Terre et les Rêveries du repos, José Corti, 1946 ISBN 2-7143-0299-8 et ISBN 2-7143-0876-7
  • La Terre et les Rêveries de la volonté, José Corti, 1948 ISBN 2-7143-0823-6
  • Le Rationalisme appliqué, PUF, 1949, ISBN 2-13-054442-8
  • Paysages. Étude pour quinze burins d'Albert Flocon, PUF, 1950
  • L'Activité rationaliste de la physique contemporaine, PUF, 1951 ISBN 2-13-028523-6
  • Lettres à Louis Guillaume (1951 – 1962), La Part commune, 2009 ISBN 2-84418-151-1
  • Le Matérialisme rationnel, PUF, 1953 ISBN 2-13-056285-X
  • La Poétique de l'espace, PUF, 1957 ISBN 2-13-054444-4
  • La Poétique de la rêverie, PUF, 1960 ISBN 2-13-054950-0
  • La Flamme d'une chandelle, PUF, 1961 ISBN 2-13-053901-7
  • Le Droit de rêver, posthume, PUF, 1970 (préfaces, articles, études, de 1939 à 1962) ISBN 2-13-056363-5
  • L'Engagement rationaliste, posthume, Paris, PUF, 1972.
  • Épistémologie, textes choisis par Dominique Lecourt, PUF, 1972 ISBN 2-13-044684-1
  • Études („Noumène et microphysique“, „La Critique du concept de frontière épistémologique“, „Idéalisme discursif“, „Lumière et substance“ et « Le monde comme caprice et miniature»), Vrin, 1972 ISBN 2-7116-0046-7
  • Fragments d'une Poétique du Feu, посмъртно издание, édité par Suzanne Bachelard, PUF, 1988 ISBN 2-13-041454-0
На български

За него (изследвания, достъпни на български език)

  • Паула Ангелова. „Щрихи върху поетичното въображение у Гастон Башлар“. – сп. Философски алтернативи, 2011, № 6.
  • Антонио Алегра. „Башлар и „неопределеното“ наследство на трансценденталното“, сп. Философски алтернативи, 2006, № 2. (превод от италиански език Поля Търколева).
  • Любов Илиева, Станимир Илиев. „Духът на науката в рационализма на К. Попър и Г. Башлар“, сб. Философия, история, хуманизъм, София, 1996.
  • Любов Илиева, Станимир Илиев. „Елементи на психоанализа на науката“, сп. Философски алтернативи, 1996, № 5.
  • Поля Търколева. „Образи и мечтания в творчеството на Гастон Башлар“, сп. Философски алтернативи, 2006, № 1.
  • Поля Търколева. „Човекът – мечтател на думи“, сп. Философски алтернативи, 2007, № 1.

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