Башибозук

Башибозук – документална снимка от времето на Руско-турската война 1877 – 78 г.
Башибозук – османска пощенска картичка

Башибозук (на турски: başıbozuk) е название за вид нередовна войска в Османската империя, както и за отделен войник от тези войски – мюсюлмани, които съдействат на османската власт при потушаване на бунтове или във война. В превод думата означава „повредена глава“, което подчертава липсата на подчинение и пълната им неорганизираност.

Набирали са се от представители на най-войнствените мюсюлмански народности в империята, най-често от Мала Азия и Албания – арнаутски башибозуци или накратко арнаути. Държавата осигурява на башибозуците само оръжие, без да дава заплата, и башибозукът се издържа от грабежи и мародерства.

Башибозуци са извършителите на едни от най-кървавите събития в българската история преди и след освобождението, например Баташкото клане[1] (водени начело от Ахмед ага Барутанлията – полицейски началник на Доспат), т.нар. „Страшното“ в Карлово, [[Старозагорското клане]] и Маджаровското клане.

През 1876 г. Баркли пише за башибозуците: „Тези башибозуци бяха повечето дребни и мургави хора, облечени в кафяви, мръсни и окъсани униформи и въоръжени със стари кремъклийки, саби и пистолети, според желанието си... Подчинението на техните офицери е последната им грижа... И не само че са крадци в мирно време, но са и почти безполезни, когато са призовани да се бият... дезертират при първия залп и се забавляват назад да избиват жени и деца и да унищожават имуществото както на приятелите, така и на враговете“.[2]

Друг съвременник на Руско-турската война от 1877-78 г. свещ. Христо Върбанов описва башибозуците, пристигнали във Варна.[3]

Вижте също

Външни препратки

Бележки

  1. ↑ Православна беседа – Лето 1876-о Архив на оригинала от 2006-02-09 в Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ Лео, Мишел. България и нейният народ под османска власт: през погледа на англосаксонските пътешественици (1586 – 1878). София, ТАНГРА ТанНакРа, 2013. ISBN 9789543781065. OCLC 894636829. с. 142.
  3. ↑ Известия на Народния музей - Варна - дигитално копие - 01/01/1912, No. 1, стр. 40
Тази статия, свързана с Османската империя, все още е мъниче. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я редактирате и разширите.

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