Анемометър

Ветромери или анемометри (от гръцкото anemos, вятър) са уреди за измерване силата на вятъра. Разделят се на два вида в зависимост дали измерват скоростта или налягането на вятъра, но двата показателя са взаимно свързани.

Обикновеният ветромер с плочка (ветромер на Вилд) се състои от 2 части – неподвижна (носеща тръба-мачта, закрепена с обтяжки, в горния край на която са фиксиран 4 взаимноперпендикулярни пръчки, едната от които е обозначена с основна посока на света N или S) и подвижна част. Подвижната част се състои от тръба, към която в долната част е закрепено крило и метална топка, а в горния ѝ край са монтирани скоростомерна дъгова скала и подвижна около оста си ламаринена плочка. Ветромерът е устроен така, че металната топка да сочи посоката на духане на вятъра. Скалата е разграфена на 7 степени. Според теглото на плочката ветромерите се делят на такива с лека плочка (200 г.) и с тежка плочка (800 г.).

Обикновено в метеорологичните паркове са монтирани 2 бр ветромери – по един с лека и тежка плочки. Определянето на посоката става в продължение на 2 минути, като метеорологът застава близо до мачтата. Ако през това време отклонението е значително се записва средната или преобладаващата посока и това, че вятърът е „променлив“. Определянето на скоростта става, като наблюдателят застава перпендикулярно на посоката на вятъра. В зависимост от отклонението на плочката скоростта се отчита по единия (с леката плочка) или по другия (с тежката плочка) ветромер. Записва се делението, което е характерно за скоростта на вятъра за около 2 минути, а самата скорост се изчислява по таблица.

В специалните и главните метеорологични станции се използват и записващи ветромери (анемографи). Приемната част е поставен върху 10 м мачта перков механизъм, който показва посоката и моментната скорост на вятъра и втора приемателна част, състояща се от 3 полусфери, която показва средната скорост на вятъра. Записването на информацията става с два писеца върху опъната върху барабан анемограма, като барабанът е задвижван от часовников механизъм.

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