Абисална зона

Пластове на пелагичната зона

Абисалната зона, наричана също абисопелагична зона (на гръцки: ἄβυσσος — «бездънен»)  е слой от пелагичната зона (открито море) на Световния океан, разположен под батиалната и над хадалната зона.[1]

Абисалната зона е разположена под 2000 m от повърхността океана, а под 6000 m се обособява т.нар. ултраабисална зона. Релефът е представен от големи океански котловини, подводни хребети и плата. Водите се характеризират с относително слаба подвижност, постоянно ниска температура (1° – 2°С, в полярните области под 0°С), постоянна соленост (34,7‰ – 34,9‰) и плътност, високо налягане (до 76 MPa) и ограничено количество хранителни вещества, главно спускащи се от горните пластове на океана (морски сняг). В абисалната зона не прониква слънчева светлина.[2][3] Всичките тези показатели определят своеобразния органичен свят в зоната. Дъното е покрито с различни видове тиня с органогенен или минерален произход (виж Абисално дъно). Растителността е представена предимно от от някои бактерии, а животинският свят от слепи животни или такива с огромни очи. Има множество фосфоресциращи организми. Ултраабисалните животни се отличават с рязко изразен ендемизъм и древност.[4]

Бележки

  1. ↑ Abyssal // Dictionary.com. Архивиран от оригинала на 18 април 2009. Посетен на 27 април 2009.
  2. ↑ Deep Sea Biome // Untamed Science. Архивиран от оригинала на 31 март 2009. Посетен на 27 април 2009.
  3. ↑ Nelson, Rob. Abyssal // The Wild Classroom, April 2007. Архивиран от оригинала на 2009-03-25. Посетен на 27 април 2009.
  4. ↑ ((ru)) «Большая Советская Энциклопедия» – Абиссаль, т. 1, стр. 22

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