Tsajur

Tsajur o Tsakhur
цӀаӀхна миз / C’âxna miz
Faláu en Daguestán
 (República Autónoma de Rusia)
Bandera d'Azerbaixán Azerbaixán
Rexón República Autónoma Rusa de Dagestán
Falantes ~24 000
Familia Caucásiques

 Septentrional
  Del nordés
   Llingües daguestánicas
    Tsakhur

Estatus oficial
Oficial en Daguestán
 (República Autónoma de Rusia)
Reguláu por Nun ta reguláu
Códigos
ISO 639-1 nengún
ISO 639-2
ISO 639-3 TKR

Faláu per cerca de 13,000 individuos n'Azerbaixán y por 9,770 en Daguestán, el Tsajur o Tsakhur ye un idioma perteneciente a la caña septentrional de la familia caucásica. Anque'l tsakhur ta en peligru nes comunidaes que tán en contautu cercanu con Azerbaixán, ye brengosu n'otres comunidaes, ganando protagonismu na rexón; reparar na crecedera del interés n'aprender tsakhur na escuela y nun creciente cuerpu de materiales d'aprendizaxe en tsakhur. Sicasí, la UNESCO amestó al tsakhur —na categoría de "en peligru d'estinción"— nel so atles de llingües amenaciaes.

Alfabetu

Primer alfabetu tsakhur (1913)
Segundu alfabetu tsakhur (1934)

Como otres llingües d'El Cáucasu, el tsakhur nun tener un alfabetu propiu. En 1913 el llingüista A. M. Dirr construyólu unu a base del cirílicu d'aquel entós. Años más tarde, en 1934, otru lingüísta, A. N. Genko, creó otru a partir del llatín, anque cuatro años más tarde cayó en desusu. En 1989, un añu antes de la cayida de la XRSS, creóse otru alfabetu pal tsakhur, solo que s'usaría'l cirílicu modernu; ésti úsase en Rusia, ente que n'Azerbaixán úsase una versión moderna del llatín.

Alfabetos tsakhur
Cirílicu Llatín AFI
А а A a /ɑ/
АӀ аӀ Â â /ɑˤ/
Б б B b /b/
В в V v /v~w/, /ʷ/
Г г G g /ɡ/, /ɡʲ/
Гъ гъ Ğ ğ /ʁ/, /ʁˤ/
Гь гь H h /h~ɦ/, /hˤ/
ГӀ гӀ H’ h’ /ʕ~ʕ’~ʡ/
Д д D d /d/, /dʲ/
Дж дж J j /d͡ʒ/
Е е Y y, ye /y/, /je/³
ЕӀ еӀ Ê ê /yˤ/
Ё ё Ö ö, yo /ø/, /jo/²
Ж ж Z̧ z̧ /ʒ/¹
З з Z z /z/, /zʲ/
И и İ i /i/
Й й Y y /j/
К к K k /kʰ~kʿ/, /kʲʿ/
Къ къ q͡q /ˀqʿː/, /ˀqˤː/
Кь кь Qʼ qʼ /qʼ/, /qʲʼ/
КӀ кӀ Kʼ kʼ /kʼ/, /kʲʼ/
Л л L l /l/, /lʲ/
М м M m /m/
Н н N n /n/, /nʲ/
О о O o /o/
ОӀ оӀ Ô ô /oˤ/
П п P p /pʰ~pʿ/
ПӀ пӀ P’ p' /pʼ/
Р р R r /r/
С с S s /s/, /sʲ/
Т т T t /tʰ~tʿ/, /tʲʿ/
ТӀ тӀ T’ t’ /tʼ/, /tʲʼ/
У у O o /o/
УӀ уӀ Û û /oˤ/
Ф ф F f /f/¹
Х х X x /χ/, /χˤ/
Хъ хъ Q q /qʰ~qʿ/, /qˤ/
Хь хь k͡h /x/, /xʲ/
Ц ц C c /t͡sʰ~t͡sʿ/, /t͡sʲ/
ЦӀ цӀ Cʼ cʼ /t͡sʼ/, /t͡sʲʼ/
Ч ч Ç ç /t͡ʃʰ~t͡ʃʿ/
ЧӀ чӀ Çʼ çʼ /t͡ʃʼ/
Ш ш Ş ş /ʃ/
Щ щ şç /ʃt͡ʃ/²
Ъ ъ /ʔ/
Ы ы I ı /ɨ/
ЫӀ ыӀ Î î /ɪˤ/
Ь ь /ʲ/²
Э э Y y /y/³
Ю ю Ü ü, yu /y/, /ju/²
Я я Ä ä, /æ/, /ja/²

Notes:
¹raru (probablemente solo en préstamos caucásicos y nomes propios).
²solo en préstamos rusos y nomes propios (amás de préstamos caucásicos).
³al entamu d'una pallabra y dempués d'una vocal.
⁴dempués d'una consonante.
⁵dempués d'una vocal faríngea.
⁶antes de "y", "ё", "и", "ю" y "я".
⁷solo en dellos dialeutos.
⁸dacuando escritu como "ИӀ иӀ".

Calteres adicionales
Cirílicu Llatín AFI
aa /ɑː/¹
гг gg /ɣ/
кк k͡k /ˀkʿː/, /ˀkʲː/³
дз dz /d͡z/²
ий iy /iː/¹
Къг къг Gʼ gʼ /ɢ/², /ɢˤ/² ⁴
Лʼ лʼ /lʲ/²
oo oo /oː/¹
пп p͡p /ˀpʿː/
cc s͡s /sː/, /sʲː/³
тт t͡t /ˀtʿː/
xx x͡x /χː/, /χˤː/
xьxь k͡x /xː/, /xʲː/³
цц c͡c /ˀt͡sʿː/
чч ç͡ç /ˀt͡ʃʿː/
шш ş͡ş /ʃː/

Notes:
¹usáu condionalmente en dialeutos.
²solo en dellos dialeutos.
³antes de "y", "ё", "и", "ю" y "я".
⁴dempués d'una vocal faríngea.



Referencies

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