Pársec

Pársec
unidá de llonxitú y unidá derivada en UCUM

Diagrama xeométricu de l'obtención del parsec, resultáu de la ecuación **Δ = r / tg π**

El pársec o parsec (símbolu pc) ye una unidá de llonxitú utilizada n'astronomía. El so nome remanez del inglés parallax of one arc second (paralax d'un segundu d'arcu).

La separtación básica qu'usen los astrónomos pa determinar la paralax de les estrelles ye'l radiu de la órbita de la Tierra. La paralax mídese en segundos d'arcu (60 segundos d'arcu = 1 minutu d'arcu; 60 minutos d'arcu = 1 grau). Básase nel métodu del paralax trigonométricu, el más vieyu y estendíu pa determinar la distancia a les estrelles.

Nún sen estrictu parsec defínese como la distancia a la qu'una unidá astronómica (UA) subtiende un ángulu d'un segundu d'arcu (1"). Xeneralizando, una estrella dista un parsec si'l so paralax ye igual a 1 segundu d'arcu.

De la definición resulta que:

1 parsec = 206.265 UA = 3,26 años-lluz = 31 billones de quilómetros.

Darréu que'l parsec ye una distancia, a la unidá astronómica rellaciónase-y cola tanxente del ángulu en P (ver el diagrama). Agora bien, siendo $\pi \$ (pí) un ángulu mui pequeñu, del orde d'hasta la milésima del segundu d'arcu, comportarase como una función llinial de proporcionalidá inversa respeutu a Δ (delta). Ye dicir, a Δ duble, π faise la metá, pero si Δ ye la metá, π sedrá'l duble, y asina socesivamente, de tal mou que la rellación ente distancia y paralax vuélvese mui cenciella:

\Delta ={\frac {1}{\pi }}\

au $\Delta \$ ye la distancia en parsecs, y $\pi \$ la paralax en segundos d'arcu. Midida la paralax d'una estrella, nun hai más que calcular el so inversu pa tener la so distancia en parsecs.

Adicando pal diagrama, pue paecer que la distancia Tierra-P ye mayor que la distancia Sol-P, pero ello per aciu de la falta d'escala nel dibuxu. La distancia Sol-P ye del orde de 10⁵ vegaes mayor -como mínimu- que la llinia de base Sol-Tierra, y siendo l'ángulu en P mui pequeñu, fai que nun heba desemeyanza columbrable ente dambes distancies.

La estrella más cercana al Sistema Solar ye Próxima Centauri y tien una paralax de 0,76 segundos d'arcu. Poro, alcuéntrase a 1,31 parsecs, ó 4,28 años-lluz.

El centru de la nuesa galaxa alcuéntrase a 8,5 kiloparsecs, o seya, a 8500 parsecs: cerca de 30.000 años-lluz.

La galaxa d'Andrómeda tá a 0,7 megaparsecs, ye dicir, 700.000 parsecs, o más de 2 millones de años-lluz.

Otra posibilidá ye definir un pársec como la distancia a la que dos oxetos, separtaos per 1 unidá astronómica (UA), paecen tar separtaos por un ángulu de 1 segundu d'arcu. Polo tanto, ye

360·60·60/2π UA ≈ 2,06·10⁵ UA ≈ 3,09·10¹⁶m ≈ 3,26 años lluz.

kiloparsec (kpc). Mil parsecs; 3260 años lluz

megaparsec (Mpc). Un millón de parsecs. Distancia equivalente a unos 3,26 millones de años lluz

Una unidá astronómica ye igual a aproximadamente 1,5·10¹¹ m, llueu:

1pc\approx 206.265UA\times 1,5\times 10^{11}m\approx 3,09\times 10^{16}m

Ver tamién

Unidaes de llonxitú

Múltiplos y submúltiplos del metru

Otres unidaes de llonxitú

Sistemes de midida

Referencies

Enllaces esternos

Wikimedia Commons tien conteníu multimedia tocante a Pársec.

Datos: Q12129
Multimedia: Parsec (unit of length)

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