Observatoriu

Pa ver otros usos de «observatoriu», Observatoriu (dixebra).
Observatoriu astronómicu d'Estrasburgu.

Un observatoriu ye una institución dende la cual investíguense y rexistren oxetos, eventos y situaciones de calter natural o social. Los primeros observatorios fueron creaos pa reparar fenómenos astronómicos o atmosféricos, pero nes últimes décades surdieron múltiples instituciones dedicaes a diverses árees sociales qu'adoptaron el nome d'observatorios. Los observatorios astronómicos instalar en llugares que tengan un clima, o les condiciones apropiaes pa la observación. Les disciplines que faen usu d'observatorios son múltiples; ye'l casu de l'astronomía, climatoloxía, xeoloxía, meteoroloxía y vulcanoloxía.

Historia

L'observatoriu más antiguu de que tenemos noticia ye'l de la torre o zigurat de Belo, en Babilonia, nel cual los astrónomos caldeos fixeron les sos principales observaciones. Ye dudosu que los griegos tuvieren un observatoriu en Alexandría, pero ye ciertu que los construyeron los árabes, los chinos y los mongoles. Foi célebre'l de Bagdag, emplazado nos mesmos xardinos del Califa.[1]

Tocantes a los observatorios d'Europa, seique sía'l más antiguu la famosa Torre de Sevilla construyida pol astrónomu Mohamed Geber, que sirvió per espaciu de munchos sieglos pa les observaciones astronómiques de los árabes y los españoles. Más modernamente construyó unu en 1561 el landgrave de Hesse-Cassel Guillermo IV, y en 1576 llevantó Tycho Brahe el famosu que llamó Uranienburgu na islla de Hiren, ente Copenḥague y Malmoe, nel Sund, a la entrada del Bálticu.[1]

Domo Observatoriu Astronómicu Cruz del Sur. Brandsen - Arxentina
Observatoriu Austral Félix Aguilar, abandonáu, na provincia de Santa Cruz (Arxentina).

Históricamente los observatorios contuvieron sextantes como ferramientes o piedres alliniaes con ciertos fenómenos astronómicos, como ye'l casu de Stonehenge. Los modernos observatorios astronómicos contienen enormes telescopios (con espeyos de dellos metros de diámetru) y ordenadores pal procesamientu de los datos llograos. Exemplos d'observatorios d'esti tipu son el Mauna Kea en Ḥawai, Observatoriu del Roque de los Muchachos y Observatoriu del Teide nes Islles Canaries, Cuetu Tololo y Cuetu Pachón en Chile. N'España l'Observatoriu Astronómicu Nacional y l'Observatoriu Astronómicu de San Fernando (Cádiz) cunten ente los más conocíos y activos, dalgunos d'ellos dedicaos tamién a la divulgación y enseñanza de l'Astronomía.

A empiezos de la década de los años 1940, empezar a construyir radiotelescopios pa detectar y estudiar radiofuentes nel Universu. El mayor radiotelescopiu del mundu atópase en Puertu Ricu; tratar del Radiotelescopiu d'Arecibo. El mayor centru de Radiotelescopios ta en Chajnantor, Chile.

Colos últimos adelantos científicos foi posible unviar telescopios y preseos d'observación celeste fuera del planeta Tierra, como'l telescopiu espacial Hubble.

Esisten tamién observatorios portátiles y llariegos realizaos en fibra de vidriu que pueden ser fácilmente instalaos pal usu d'aficionaos o pequeñes instituciones.

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Diccionariu enciclopédicu popular ilustráu Salvat (1906-1914)

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