Altu Karabakh

Altu Karabakh
Alministración
Tipu d'entidá rexón xeográfica
Nome oficial Dağlıq Qarabağ (az)
Nome llocal Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ (hy)
Dağlıq Qarabağ (az)
Xeografía
Coordenaes 39°48′55″N 46°45′07″E / 39.81528°N 46.75194°E / 39.81528; 46.75194
Superficie 4402.979787 km²
Demografía
Población 148 000 hab. (2019)
Densidá 33,61 hab/km²
Más información
Estaya horaria UTC+04:00
Cambiar los datos en Wikidata
     Territoriu azerbaixanu sol control de les fuercies militares d'Armenia.      Nagorno-Karabakh.

Nagorno Karabakh o Altu Karabakh (azerbaixanu: 'Dağlıq Qarabağ', rusu: Нагорный Карабах, ) ye una conflictiva rexón de Transcaucasia. Perteneciente, de iure, a Azerbaixán pero controlada, de facto, pol réxime separatista de la República de Nagorno Karabakh.[1]

Etimoloxía

El nome más antiguu de Nagorno-Karabakh ye Artsakh[ensin referencies] (n'armeniu: Արցախ), términu entá güei utilizáu sobremanera n'Armenia y na diáspora y que designa a la décima provincia del antiguu Reinu d'Armenia.[2] Artsakh ye un términu político y xeográfico que'l so usu siguió a lo llargo de la Edá Media y de tiempos modernos.[3][4][5] Nes inscripciones del reinu d'Urartu (sieglos XI al VII antes de nuesa yera), denominar a la rexón Urtejini.[6] Los escritores de l'Antigua Grecia llamen a la zona Orjistene.[7] Créese que tanto Urtejini como Orjistene son variantes fonétiques de la pallabra Artsakh.[8] Na Alta Edá Media de cutiu tola rexón recibía'l nome de Jachen, el mayor y más importante distritu de Artsakh.[9] El nome “Jachen” provién de la pallabra armenia jach, que significa “cruz”.[10]

Shosh, aldega del distritu de Askeran.

El términu Nagorno Karabakh ye de construcción moderna.[11] La pallabra Nagorno- ye un axetivu atributivu rusu deriváu del axetivu nagorny (нагорный), que significa "terrén eleváu". El nome azerbaixanu de la rexón inclúi axetivos asemeyaos, como "dağlıq" (montascosu) o "yuxarı" (altu). Nel nome armeniu nun s'utiliza axetivu, pero sí se facía en tiempos soviéticos, cuando'l nome oficial de la rexón yera Óblast Autónomu de Nagorno Karabakh. N'otres llingües utiliza la forma propia de montascosu o altu; por casu, el nome oficial que la República de Nagorno Karabakh utiliza en Francia ye Haut-Karabakh, que significa Altu Karabakh. Altu Karabaj ye tamién una forma encamentada pola Real Academia Española nel Diccionario panhispánico de dudas.

La opinión mayoritaria ye que la pallabra Karabakh tien oríxenes túrquicos y perses y que'l so significáu lliteral ye "xardín negru" (Kara, «negru» y baj, «xardín»).[12][13] Esti nome yá s'atopa en fontes xeorxanes y perses de los sieglos XIII y XIV.[13] Karabakh tamién denomina a un tipu d'alfombra con un patrón característicu que se producía orixinalmente nel área.[14]

Según una teoría alternativa propuesta por Bagrat Ulubabyan, el nome Karabakh ye d'un orixe mistu turcu y armeniu, viniendo significar "Gran Baghk" (armeniu: Մեծ Բաղք), en referencia a Ktish-Baghk (dempués llamada Dizak), unu de los principaos d'Artsakh mientres la dinastía aranshahik, qu'ocupó'l tronu del Reinu de Syunik ente los sieglos XI y XIII y faíase llamar "Reinu de Baghk".[2]

Los nomes de la rexón nes llingües locales pueden traducise lliteralmente como "Karabakh montascosu" o "xardín montascosu":

Conflictu ente Azerbaixán y Armenia

Artículu principal: Guerra del Altu Karabakh

El 10 d'avientu de 1991, nun referendu boicotiáu pola población azerbaixana, los armenios de Nagorno Karabakh aprobaron la creación d'un estáu independiente. Una propuesta rusa p'amontar l'autonomía de la rexón nun satisfixo a nenguna de les partes, españando la guerra ente'l gobiernu d'Azerbaixán y los independentistes de Nagorno Karabakh, quien fueron sofitaos por Armenia.[15] A finales de 1993, el conflictu yá causara venti mil muertos y provocáu la fuxida a Azerbaixán d'ochocientos mil refuxaos.

Alto'l fueu de 1994

Dende l'altu'l fueu de 1994, la mayor parte de Nagorno Karabakh, según munches rexones azerbaixanes vecines, qu'en total suman el 14% del territoriu azerbaixanu, siguen sol control conxuntu d'Armenia y de les fuercies armaes de Nagorno Karabakh. De magar, representantes de los gobiernos d'Armenia y d'Azerbaixán caltuvieron conversaciones de paz, cola mediación del Grupu de Minsk de la OSCE.

Galería

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. ↑ «CIA official site». Archiváu dende l'orixinal, el 2016-07-09.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Robert H. Hewsen, Armenia: a Historical Atles. University of Chicago Press, 2001, páxs. 119–120.
  3. ↑ Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian Patrick; Mutafian, Claude. The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. NJ: Zed Books, 1994, p. 60, 61, 67
  4. ↑ see references to Artsakh in Bishop Barkhudarian, Makar. Artsakh. Baku, 1885
  5. ↑ Bournoutian, George A. Armenians and Russia, 1626-1796: A Documentary Record. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 2001, p. 254. An example of the "Arstakh" mentioned instead of Karabakh in 1777.
  6. ↑ PanArmenian Network. Artsakh: From Ancient Time to 1918. PanArmenian.net. June 9, 2003. accesu 21 de payares de 2007.
  7. ↑ Estrabón (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.). Geography. The Perseus Digital Library. 11.14.4. accesu 21 de payares de 2007.
  8. ↑ Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian Patrick; Mutafian, Claude. The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. NJ: Zed Books, 1994, p. 52
  9. ↑ Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian Patrick; Mutafian, Claude. The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. NJ: Zed Books, 1994, p. 65, 67
  10. ↑ Christopher Walker. The Armenian presence in Mountainous Karabakh, in John F. R. Wright et al.: Transcaucasian Boundaries (SOAS/GRC Geopolivvvv tics). 1995, p. 93
  11. ↑ Chorbajian, Levon; Donabedian Patrick; Mutafian, Claude. The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geo-Politics of Nagorno-Karabagh. NJ: Zed Books, 1994, p. 7
  12. ↑ The BBC World News. Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh, BBC News Online. Última actualización 3 d'ochobre de 2007. Accesu 21 de payares de 2007.
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 (armeniu) Ulubabyan, Bagrat. Karabagh (Ղարաբաղ). Enciclopedia Soviética Armenia, vol. vii, Yerevan, Armenian SSR, 1981 p. 26
  14. ↑ C. G. Ellis, "Oriental Carpets", 1988. p133.
  15. ↑ PLAYING THE "COMMUNAL CARD": Communal Violence and Human Rights

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