কলাৰ যথেষ্ট আদৰ থকা স্বত্বেও প্ৰখ্যাত ৰোমান আৰু গ্ৰীক শিল্পীসকলৰ সামাজিক মৰ্যাদা উচ্চখাপৰ নাছিল। তেওঁলোকে শিল্পীসকলক সাধাৰণ বনুৱাৰ দৰেই গণ্য কৰিছিল। একে সময়তে আকৌ উচ্চ মানবিশিষ্ট কৰ্মৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা কৌশলক দৈৱ-উপহাৰ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল।[14]
টোকা
↑Other ways of referring to the "Roman Empire" among the Romans and Greeks themselves included Res publica Romana or Imperium Romanorum (also in Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων – Basileíā tôn Rhōmaíōn – ["Dominion (Literally 'kingdom') of the Romans"]) and Romania. Res publica means Roman "commonwealth" and can refer to both the Republican and the Imperial eras. Imperium Romanum (or Romanorum) refers to the territorial extent of Roman authority. Populus Romanus ("the Roman people") was/is often used to indicate the Roman state in matters involving other nations. The term Romania, initially a colloquial term for the empire's territory as well as a collective name for its inhabitants, appears in Greek and Latin sources from the 4th century onward and was eventually carried over to the Byzantine Empire (see R. L. Wolff, "Romania: The Latin Empire of Constantinople" in Speculum 23 (1948), pp. 1–34 and especially pp. 2–3).
তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ
↑Bennett, J. Trajan: Optimus Princeps. 1997. Fig. 1. Regions east of the Euphrates river were held only in the years 116–117.
↑Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 ISBN 0827611552
↑International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1–3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 ISBN 075465740X
↑J.H. Breasted Ancient Times a History of the Early World pp 675. Рипол Классик ISBN 117400312X
↑Rachel Meredith Kousse, Hellenistic and Roman Ideal Sculpture: The Allure of the Classical (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 1; Lea Stirling, "Art, Architecture, and Archaeology in the Roman Empire," in A Companion to the Roman Empire, pp. 75–76.
↑Stirling, "Art, Architecture, and Archaeology in the Roman Empire," pp. 82–83.
↑Elaine K. Gazda, introduction to Roman Art in the Private Sphere: Architecture and Décor of the Domus, Villa, and Insula (University of Michigan Press, 1991, 1994), pp. 1–3.
↑Paul Zanker, Pompeii: Public and Private Life, translated by Deborah Lucas Schneider (Harvard University Press, 1998, originally published 1995 in German), p. 189.
↑Kousse, Hellenistic and Roman Ideal Sculpture, pp. 4–5, 8.
↑Lauren Hackworth Petersen, "Crafts and Artisans," in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, pp. 312–313.
Ritti, Tullia; Grewe, Klaus; Kessener, Paul (2007), "A Relief of a Water-powered Stone Saw Mill on a Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its Implications", Journal of Roman Archaeology খণ্ড 20: 138–163
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