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The zero-width space (), abbreviated ZWSP, is a non-printing character used in computerized typesetting to indicate where the word boundaries are, without actually displaying a visible space in the rendered text. This enables text-processing systems for scripts that do not use explicit spacing to recognize where word boundaries are for the purpose of handling line breaks appropriately. Zero-width space is unicode character U+200B, and is located in the unicode General Punctuation block, and can be represented by numeric character references  or .

Purpose

The zero-width space marks a potential line break without hyphenation. Its semantics and HTML implementation are similar to the soft hyphen, but soft hyphens display a hyphen character at the point where the line is broken.

The zero-width space can be used to mark word breaks in languages without visible space between words, such as Thai, Myanmar, Khmer, and Japanese.^[1]

In justified text, the rendering engine may add inter-character spacing, also known as letter spacing, between letters separated by a zero-width space, unlike around fixed-width spaces.^[1]

Example

To show the effect of the zero-width space in text, the following words have been separated with zero-width spaces:

LoremIpsumDolorSitAmetConsecteturAdipiscingElitSedDoEiusmodTemporIncididuntUtLaboreEtDoloreMagnaAliquaUtEnimAdMinimVeniamQuisNostrudExercitationUllamcoLaborisNisiUtAliquipExEaCommodoConsequatDuisAuteIrureDolorInReprehenderitInVoluptateVelitEsseCillumDoloreEuFugiatNullaPariaturExcepteurSintOccaecatCupidatatNonProidentSuntInCulpaQuiOfficiaDeseruntMollitAnimIdEstLaborum

By contrast, the following words have not been separated:

LoremIpsumDolorSitAmetConsecteturAdipiscingElitSedDoEiusmodTemporIncididuntUtLaboreEtDoloreMagnaAliquaUtEnimAdMinimVeniamQuisNostrudExercitationUllamcoLaborisNisiUtAliquipExEaCommodoConsequatDuisAuteIrureDolorInReprehenderitInVoluptateVelitEsseCillumDoloreEuFugiatNullaPariaturExcepteurSintOccaecatCupidatatNonProidentSuntInCulpaQuiOfficiaDeseruntMollitAnimIdEstLaborum

The first text is broken into lines but only at word boundaries, and resizing the browser window will re-break the text accordingly, while the second text is not broken at all.

Usage

HTML

In HTML pages, the HTML element <wbr> functions as a zero-width space. In Internet Explorer 6, the zero-width space was not supported in some fonts.^[2]

Prohibition in domain names

ICANN rules prohibit domain names from containing non-displayed characters, including the zero-width space, and most browsers prohibit their use within domain names because they can be used to create a homograph attack, where a malicious URL is visually indistinguishable from a legitimate one.^[3]^[4]

Encoding

The zero-width space character is encoded in Unicode as U+200B ZERO WIDTH SPACE,^[5] and input in HTML as &ZeroWidthSpace;,  or . Contrary to what their names suggest, the character entities &NegativeThickSpace;, &NegativeMediumSpace;, &NegativeThinSpace;, and &NegativeVeryThinSpace; also refer to the zero-width space.^[6]

The TeX representation is \hskip0pt; the LaTeX representation is \hspace{0pt};^[7] and the groff representation is \:.^[8]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b "23.2 Layout Controls". The Unicode® Standard Version 15.0 – Core Specification (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. September 2022. p. 918. ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0.
^ Dunae, Alex. "Better Web Typography with Spaces and Hyphens". dunae.ca. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2009.
^ "Network.IDN.blacklist_chars". mozillaZine. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
^ "Unicode Character 'Zero Width Space'". FileFormat.Info. Retrieved 2018-02-07.
^ "General Punctuation – Unicode" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-07-20.
^ Entities/ZeroWidthSpace in MathML Version 2.0
^ "The LaTeX Companion. Chapter 3: Basic Formatting Tools" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-07-16.
^ "groff(7) – Linux manual page". Retrieved 2014-02-08.

Sources

Mair, Victor H.; Liu, Yongquan (1991), Characters and computers, IOS Press

[Unicode_Standard-1] "23.2 Layout Controls". The Unicode® Standard Version 15.0 – Core Specification (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. September 2022. p. 918. ISBN 978-1-936213-32-0.

[2] Dunae, Alex. "Better Web Typography with Spaces and Hyphens". dunae.ca. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved December 3, 2009.

[3] "Network.IDN.blacklist_chars". mozillaZine. Retrieved 2018-02-07.

[4] "Unicode Character 'Zero Width Space'". FileFormat.Info. Retrieved 2018-02-07.

[5] "General Punctuation – Unicode" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-07-20.

[6] Entities/ZeroWidthSpace in MathML Version 2.0

[7] "The LaTeX Companion. Chapter 3: Basic Formatting Tools" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-07-16.

[8] "groff(7) – Linux manual page". Retrieved 2014-02-08.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Zero-width space

Purpose

Example

Usage

HTML

Prohibition in domain names

Encoding

See also

References

Citations

Sources

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