Mistress of Magic Princess of Prestidigitation Sorceress Supreme
Abilities
Mastery of various forms of magic; primarily commands magical energies, cosmic forces, and spell-casting through speaking commands backwards, although not required
Zatanna holds the distinction of being the daughter of the renowned magician Zatara and belonging to the homo magi race, a unique subset of humanity endowed with innate magical abilities. Widely recognized for her exceptional skills as a professional illusionist, she captivates audiences with her mesmerizing performances with both stage and actual magic. In addition to her stage persona, Zatanna assumes the mantle of a mystic superhero, wholeheartedly dedicating herself to the quest of thwarting malevolent forces. Zatanna's extensive understanding of magic and her proficiency in wielding its powers have established her as a highly sought-after consultant in matters pertaining to the arcane arts. Her expertise, coupled with her natural leadership qualities, has led to her assuming prominent roles within the DC Universe. Notably, she has taken up leadership positions in both the contemporary Justice League, a renowned superhero team, and its offshoot branch, the Justice League Dark, which specializes in confronting supernatural threats. This recognition as one of the foremost practitioners of magic solidifies Zatanna's standing as a prominent figure in the DC Universe.[2][3]
Created by writer Gardner Fox and artist Murphy Anderson, Zatanna first appeared in Hawkman #4 (November 1964). When she is introduced, she is on a quest to find her father Zatara who made his first appearance in Action Comics #1 but had not been published regularly for several years.[4] The storyline crossed multiple comics published by DC at the time, culminating in issues of Justice League of America, also written by Fox.
Fictional character biography
Pre-Crisis
Zatanna, as she appeared during her debut on a splash page of Hawkman #4 (November 1964). Art by Murphy Anderson.
Zatanna is the daughter of magician Giovanni "John" Zatara who appeared in Golden Age comic books and Sindella, a member of the mystical species Homo magi. Her younger cousin, the teenager Zachary Zatara, is also a magician in the DCU. Zatanna makes her living as a stage illusionist prior to discovering her magical abilities while investigating the disappearance of her father. Her original costume is based upon her father's costume but substituting fishnet stockings and high heels for slacks. Zatanna's search for her father was the subject of a storyline[5] which was featured in several titles edited by Julius Schwartz,[6] and in it, Zatanna interacts with Hawkman and Hawkgirl;[7] battles Batman and Robin while in disguise as a witch and under the control of the villain the Outsider;[8] and teams with the Atom,[9]Green Lantern,[10] and the Elongated Man.[11] The series culminated in Justice League of America #51 (February 1967).[12] This Justice League adventure took place during the Batman television craze when Batman was at the height of his popularity. The premise that the witch in Detective Comics #336 was Zatanna was perceived as an attempt to get Batman participating in this issue of Justice League of America no matter how vague the connection to Zatanna's quest was.[13]
She briefly was featured in backup features in Adventure Comics and Supergirl from 1971 to 1973.[14][15] Zatanna assists the Justice League of America on a few missions[16][17] before being elected to membership in Justice League of America #161 (Dec. 1978).[5][18] Soon after Zatanna joined the group, the identity of her mother was revealed in a multi-issue storyline.[19] Zatanna teamed with Superman in DC Comics Presents[20] and with Batman in The Brave and the Bold.[21] A ten-page short story in DC Special Blue Ribbon Digest #5 (Nov.–Dec. 1980) revealed new details about Zatara's origin and how Zatanna's quest to locate her father began.[22][23] During her tenure with the Justice League, her power level diminishes, so that she can only control the four elements of earth, air, fire, and water.[24] She starred in a backup feature in World's Finest Comics #274–278[14] and the limitation of her powers is reversed in World's Finest Comics #277 (March 1982).[25] She assists Wonder Woman and several other superheroines in fighting an extraterrestrial threat.[26] Zatanna once elected as the Justice League chairperson via votes.
At the conclusion of Alan Moore's Swamp Thing "American Gothic" storyline[27] (which was tied to the events of Crisis on Infinite Earths), John Constantine comes to get Zatanna, Mento and Sargon the Sorcerer to come together to help demonic and divine forces in other hellish dimensions battle the entity known as the 'Great Evil Beast'. The séance is held at Wintersgate Manor, the home of Baron Winters in Georgetown, Washington D.C., which is also a temporal threshold to other planes of reality. Because Constantine had previously taken Zatanna to a "tantric studies meeting", Zatara will not let Zatanna out of his sight with Constantine present and, by his very presence, is forced to take part in the seance to which he was not invited. The Beast, which is so tall that its thumb alone looms over Hell, takes notice of their group twice. The first glimpse dooms Sargon, whom Zatara convinces to 'die like a sorcerer' and not break the holding of hands. Sargon burns to death nobly. The second glimpse starts to literally heat up Zatanna. Zatara willingly takes the effect onto himself, dying (his smoldering hat lands on the table), but sparing his daughter's life.[28]
Post-Crisis
Zatanna starred in a special solo one-shot in 1987 that featured Zatanna exploring her mother Sindella's background and battling the villainous sorceress Allura.[29] In Neil Gaiman's The Books of Magic limited series, Zatanna becomes friends and even temporary guardian to Timothy Hunter, a boy destined to become the greatest wizard in the world,[30] and his girlfriend Molly who at the time was cursed by the Queen of the Fairies and unable to touch anything in the human world, including the ground. After a brief stay, she sent Molly home and Tim wandered off on his own adventures. In 1993, Zatanna starred in her first solo limited series, titled Zatanna: Come Together, which saw her summoning her mother's spirit and battling the sorcerer Tannarak and a demon called Xaos.
When the Justice League vanish in the past as they attempt to rescue the missing Aquaman, an emergency protocol set up by Batman assembles a new League, with this team including Jason Blood as its magical expert. However, when the current threat is identified as Gamemnae, an ancient Atlantean sorceress who seeks to conquer the world, she uses a quagmire spell to absorb Zatanna and Tempest into herself. When new League leader Nightwing attempts to order Blood to transform into Etrigan to help them against Gamemnae, Blood insists that Zatanna is the one they need, sacrificing himself to Gamemnae's quagmire spell in order to free Zatanna. She subsequently joins Nightwing, Firestorm and Hawkgirl in travelling back to ancient Atlantis, where Aquaman has been trapped in a pool of water as a water wraith, Firestorm creating a channel between the pool and the sea before Zatanna casts a spell that allowed the water-based Aquaman to control the entire ocean as his body, allowing him to sink Atlantis in the past and present and disrupt Gamemnae's power.
Zatanna starred in another solo one-shot in 2003, Zatanna: Everyday Magic, in which she fought Nimue Ravensong, a magic-user jealous of Zatanna's ability to use magic naturally and without committing sacrifices. Nimue seduced and cursed John Constantine, leading Zatanna into conflict with the wannabe sorceress.[31] In the 2004 limited series Identity Crisis, Zatanna is a member of the Justice League at the time the villain Doctor Light rapes the Elongated Man's wife, Sue Dibny. When apprehended, he threatens the JLA members' families. Although Zatanna is prepared to erase Light's memories of the incident as she had done to other villains with knowledge dangerous to the League, tampering with Light's mind sparks a debate among the team's members: should the villain's personality be transformed to prevent him from repeating his crime. Zatanna, Hawkman, and the Atom (Ray Palmer) vote for such action, while Green Arrow, Black Canary, and Green Lantern vote against. The Flash (Barry Allen) breaks the tie. Zatanna mind-wipes Light, and the process results in his intellectual abilities being lowered.[32] In the midst of the process, Batman appears and tries to stop it. Zatanna freezes him, and the members vote unanimously to erase Batman's memories of the incident as well.
Her working relationship to Batman sours after he remembers the alteration to his memory. When Zatanna helps Batman with reconnaissance at one of Ra's al Ghul's Lazarus Pits, she asks him why he came to her and Batman says: "I needed someone I could trust. But I had to settle for you". After Infinite Crisis, their relationship appears to have warmed; in Detective Comics #824 he calls her for information on a card-counter involved in scamming the Penguin. He makes no mention of their conflict, and casually calls her by her nickname, "Zee".
Catwoman discovers that Zatanna's mind-wipe of Dr. Light in Identity Crisis is not an isolated occurrence; Catwoman's journey from villain to hero and her resulting efforts to lead a moral life are retconned as being the result of Zatanna's mental intervention. Catwoman comes to distrust her memories, motives, and the choices she has made since that incident. In retaliation, Catwoman shoves Zatanna out a window, with her mouth taped shut. Zatanna parries the next attack from Catwoman and freezes her, before apologizing and leaving her.
A 2005 four-issue Zatanna limited series was published as part of Grant Morrison's Seven Soldiers event.[33] In it, at a support group for superheroes, she recounts a failed magical ritual to search for her father's tomes, during which one of her past spells summons a shapeshifter named Gwydion, who kills her companions. This trauma, combined with her guilt from her former mind-wipes, robs her of her powers. With the help of her new apprentice, Misty Kilgore, she captures Gwydion to use as her own. She eventually regains her confidence and powers, and uses them to defeat Zor, a rogue Time Tailor who released the Sheeda as a plague to infect and degrade the entire universe. As a reward, the other Time Tailors allow her one last meeting with her father, who reveals that his books were written for her, his "greatest spell and gift to the world". In the final battle against the Sheeda, Zatanna casts a spell to move time and space, retroactively positioning the Seven Soldiers to overthrow the Sheeda.
In Detective Comics #833 (August 2007), it is stated that Zatanna's father was a friend of Thomas Wayne. Zatara trained Bruce Wayne in the art of escape, and Bruce and Zatanna were childhood friends, although Batman believes that he has never met her in Justice League of America #51, and her only memory of meeting him is while she was disguised. Bruce helps Zatanna investigate the death of one of her former assistants; all clues point to a performer named Ivar Loxias. Loxias is revealed to be the Joker in disguise; he shoots Zatanna in the throat and incapacitates Batman. Zatanna is able to heal herself by writing a curing spell in her own blood, and she is instrumental in foiling the Joker's scheme, driving Joker insane in the process. Bruce puts Zatanna's betrayal behind him, allowing the two to renew their friendship.
On the "Roll Call" of Justice League of America #22 (August 2008), Zatanna is listed as a part of the team. Called upon to help with the Red Tornado's restoration in his android form, she aids the League when they are attacked by a new, powerful iteration of Amazo. During the battle, Zatanna has her mouth magically removed with her spells, and once again uses her blood to write out spells and restore it.[34] After that Wonder Woman throws off Amazo's concentration and free Zatanna. Zatanna then defeats Amazo once and for all by using the Red Tornado's soul. Following this battle, Zatanna rejoins the team.[35]
Zatanna later accompanies Firestorm, Black Lightning, and Batman to Metropolis after they come to believe Kimiyo Hoshi has been kidnapped by agents of the covert metahuman team known as the Shadow Cabinet.[36][37] After a brief conflict, Zatanna and the others are informed by teenage superheroine Rocket that Kimiyo's perceived abduction was actually a misunderstanding caused by the Shadow Cabinet's mission to seek out her help in dealing with the cosmic vampire known as Starbreaker.[38][39] With assistance from Hardware and Icon, Zatanna and her comrades are able to defeat Starbreaker in a battle in the Himalayas.[40][41][42]
Zatanna's first New 52 costume. Art by Mikel Janin.
In Gotham City Sirens Zatanna is visited and restrained by Poison Ivy, who interacts via a tree and asks her if her encounter with Catwoman changed Selina in any way.[43]
Zatanna takes a leave of absence from the JLA, only to reappear during a battle with Despero. Once he is defeated, Zatanna informs the League of the apocalyptic events of the Blackest Night taking place across the globe.[44] After taking the team to the Hall of Justice to find Firestorm, she is forced to fight the undead form of her father, continually pitting the black magic he wields against her own;[45] it is implied she was successful in banishing the Black Lantern, but was left psychologically crushed from having to kill her father again.[46] In the aftermath of Blackest Night, Kimiyo mentions that Zatanna is one of the members who has left the team.[47]
In May 2010 Zatanna received her own solo series, written by Paul Dini and drawn by Stéphane Roux. No longer an active member of the JLA, Zatanna is asked by officer Dale Colton to help solve a murder case at a restaurant frequented by mobsters. Zatanna informs Dale that the murderer was a powerful sorcerer known as Brother Night, who rules the supernatural crime scene in San Francisco. After Zatanna shows up at Night's demonic nightclub and threatens him, he responds by calling upon a powerful nightmare demon for help in battling her,[48] but Zatanna defeats and imprisons the demon to aid her later.[49] A crooked casino owner who had made a deal for eternal youth with the demon of avarice by selling the souls of his brides to the demon attempts to use a love potion to win Zatanna's soul.[50] When her cousin Zachary Zatara breaks the spell, the casino owner begs Zatanna to turn him into a soulless lump of gold in order to escape torment in Hell.[51] Aside from Brother Night, Zatanna faces other threats, such as Oscar Hample, a man who tried to murder her when she was a child and was turned into a puppet by her father.[52][53][54][55] The Zatanna series ended with issue #16 (October 2011).
The New 52
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2017)
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. Zatanna is one of the main characters in Peter Milligan's Justice League Dark series. She sports a new costume, though she still wears her classic magician's outfit during shows. In the first issue, she learns that Superman, Wonder Woman, and Cyborg have been defeated by the Enchantress and volunteers her services to the League.[56]
The Black Canary and Zatanna graphic novel Bloodspell written by Paul Dini and drawn by Joe Quinones was to be released in 2012, but was delayed until May 2014.[57] The story centered around a 16-year-old Black Canary's first meeting Zatanna.[58]
DC Rebirth
Zatanna made her first Rebirth appearance in Detective Comics #958, assisting Bruce Wayne in taking out a robot chasing after a cult member. Later on, Zatanna shows Bruce magic. Later Bruce sees her again and asks her to teach him more about magic. Ultimately she declines and wipes his memory.[59] After the conclusion of the main storyline of the DC RebirthBatwoman series, Zatanna is implied to be an outpatient therapist of sorts for Beth Kane, Kate Kane's twin sister.[60]
In 2018, a new Justice League Dark series began, with a redesigned Zatanna being part of the team.[61] Zatanna travels to Northern Italy to bind a group of demons called Il Osservatori in a story called Zatanna: Sleight of Hand, published in the DC New Talent Showcase 2018 #1.[62]
Characterization
Zatanna Zatara
Within the DC Universe, Zatanna is commonly depicted as having a public identity as both a stage magician and genuine sorceress that battles evil alongside famous heroes such as the Justice League.[63] Throughout her publication history, she would adopted several roles as a superhero, serving as a prominent mystic consultant[2][3] and a popular leader of various iterations of the Justice League,[64] most notably the supernatural offshoot, the Justice League Dark, dedicated to handling supernatural threats.[65] Overtime, the character's reputation and power is portrayed to be highly regarded, rivaling esteemed sorcerers and sorceresses such as of Doctor Fate,[66][67]Madame Xanadu,[66] and John Constantine.[68] She is sometimes also referred to under the title of "Sorceress Supreme".[69]
Heritage and ancestry
Originally, the character was portrayed as half human and half homo magi, with her human lineage stemming from her father's side. However, later retellings of Giovanni's background established her as a full homo magi.[70] This updated heritage has persisted in the New 52 onward.[2] Additionally, the character's maternal ancestry includes demigod Arion, a revered figure in ancient Atlantean history and the Sorcerer Supreme of ancient Atlantis.[71][72] Conversely, the character's paternal line makes her a descendant of Leonardo da Vinci and is related to Nostradamus, Alessandro Cagliostro, Nicholas Flamel, and Evan Fulcanelli, making her of French and Italian descent.[73]
Relationships
In comics taking place in the mainstream continuity, Zatanna has had various relationships with other DC Characters, including John Constantine (with whom she practiced tantra) and Doctor Thirteen.[74] Zatanna also had a flirtatious relationship with her fellow Justice Leaguer Barry Allen / the Flash shortly after the death of his wife Iris.[75] In The New 52: Futures End timeline, Zatanna is romantically involved with Jason Blood / Etrigan the Demon.[76][77] In the Mystik U universe, Zatanna pursued a romantic relationship with Sebastian Faust, the son of infamous sorcerer Felix Faust.[78]
She has a strong friendship with Batman due to their shared (retconned) pasts. In Detective Comics #843-844, Zatanna and Bruce briefly discuss the possibility of having a more meaningful relationship. Both later concede that Bruce is too devoted to his cause as Batman to give her the relationship she wishes for, but the pair reaffirm their bond as close friends. Catwoman once considered Zatanna a more dangerous contender for Bruce's attentions than Jezebel Jet, his fiancé at the time.[79] A pep talk between the two women confirms how Zatanna really meant, during the fateful discussion with Bruce, to explore the possibility of a true romance, but turned out quietly resigned to the role of best friend and confidant. Claiming to act on Bruce's best interest, she pushes Selina into confessing her feelings to Bruce, thus stealing him from Jezebel Jet before it is too late.[80]
In mainstream media, DC Animated Universe touches on Bruce and Zatanna's closeness depicted as her having had a crush on him while he trained under her father as "John Smith", though she later found out his real name. Decades later, an elderly Bruce is shown to still care for her as he keeps a picture of her along with pictures of his other love interests in a file in the Batcomputer. In the TV series Young Justice, Zatanna has a flirtatious and possibly romantic friendship with Dick Grayson / Robin during Season 1. Dick later says that they have a "history" in Season 2 (five years after Season 1), implying that they dated and eventually broke up but still remained close. In season 4, Artemis mentions that both Zatanna and Raquel dated Dick prior.
Due to her Homo Magi heritage, Zatanna possess inherent magical abilities that give her command over mystic and cosmic forces.[1] In most depictions, the character employs her powers by a unique method known as Logomancy, a form of magic that invokes supernatural effects and reality alteration by speaking backwards, enabling her a wide range of powers including teleportation, healing, manipulation of others' minds, and many more.[2][81] The character is also versed in different variations of magic such as black magic, tarot reading for insight or divination, and can draw power from a collection of mystic artifacts collected by her family similarly to other traditional magic practitioners.[82] Zatanna is also a talented stage magician and has honed her abilities in both the sleight of hand and invented variations of card tricks. She is also depicted as having trained in hand-to-hand combat for situations where she no longer has her magic and is a highly skilled escape artist.
Resources and artifacts
Due to her lineage from both sides of the family, Zatanna has access to a diverse collection of arcane objects amassed throughout generations from her families. Much of these are stored in the Shadowcrest Manor, the sentient and ancestral home of the Zatara family which relocates to different locations periodically and is invisible to ordinary observation.[83] The manor can only be accessed by special magic keys or voice recognition[84] and houses the collection of arcane objects, a private library, bestiary, and is inhabited by magical constructs that serve Zatanna, including Hassan the Mummy, who protects the manor.[83] Zatanna also owns a personal apartment in Gotham City, serving as her more publicly accessible residence. Known as the Curious Abode of Zatanna Zatara, it also serves as the central location for her side business, "Zatanna's One-Stop Shop For Magical and Mystical Mayhem and Management", providing magical services such interdimensional travel and the delivery of mail across different universes and is occasionally assisted by Khalid Nassour.[85]
The Talisman of Atlantis is the mystical amulet Zatanna used during the character's redesign in the 1990s. Used in tandem with a magical staff, it allowed her to channel magic through concentration alone, offering additional ease and control.[82] She also possess the Demonography book which contained comprehensive on demonic entities and is magically updated by unnamed entities[86] and the Gnosis Sphere, regarded as among the most perilous objects in the Zatara family collection known for its ability to answer any question posed to it upon direct contact.[87] She also appropriated the Sword of the Sleepless Queen, a weapon capable of transforming others into a "nightmare" version of themselves and serving as a durable, enchanted blade. Zatanna would keep the magical sword after the events of Knight Terrors.
Weaknesses
Zatanna, as a practitioner of Logomancy, utilizes speech as the primary channel for her magical abilities. This reliance on verbal communication has made her vulnerable to being incapacitated by villains who restrain her through binding and gagging. It is observed that her magical powers tend to increase when unused,[88] but excessive use can deplete them, leading to a strain on her physical well-being. Similar to other magic users, Zatanna can only replenish her waning powers through an extended period of rest. Additionally, there appears to be a connection between Zatanna's powers and her self-confidence. In the narrative Seven Soldiers, a series of significant mistakes left her emotionally and psychologically shattered, rendering her powerless. It was only through the process of restoring her lost confidence that she was able to regain her magical abilities.
Other versions
Conjura, a character based on Zatanna, appears in DC Super Dictionary.[89]
An alternate universe incarnation of Zatanna appears in Batman: Holy Terror. This version is an agent of the Privy Council, a totalitarian religious group that rules over North America.
An alternate universe incarnation of Zatanna appears in the Flashpoint storyline. This version is a member of the Secret Seven and part of a motorcycle gang.[91]
An alternate universe incarnation of Zatanna appears in DC Comics Bombshells. This version is of Jewish and Romani descent and was previously forced to aid the Nazis, during which she befriended Raven before eventually escaping.
An alternate universe incarnation of Zatanna appears in Mystik U.[92][78] This version is a student of the titular academy and girlfriend of Sebastian Faust.
Zatanna appears in the web comic Zatanna and the Ripper, co-published by DC Comics and Webtoon.[93][94]
Zatanna appears in the graphic novel Zatanna and the House of Secrets. This version lives in the titular house with her father Zatara and rabbit Pocus.[95][96][97]
Zatanna appears in the graphic novel Zatanna: The Jewel of Gravesend.[98][99]
She first appears in a self-titled episode of Batman: The Animated Series, voiced by Julie Brown.[100] This version befriended Batman as a youth and developed a crush on him while he was training under her father Zatara. In the present, while working as a magician, she reunites with Batman while foiling criminal magic debunker Montague Kane's plans.
Zatanna makes a cameo appearance in a photograph depicted in the Batman Beyond episode "Out of the Past".
Zatanna appears in Justice League Unlimited, voiced by Jennifer Hale in "This Little Piggy" and by Juliet Landau in "The Balance".[100] As of this series, she has joined the Justice League while continuing her stage magician career. Additionally, she is capable of reciting spells without speaking and while speaking normally.
Zatanna appears in Young Justice,[101] voiced by Lacey Chabert.[100] This version is initially a teenager and member of the Team who becomes romantically involved with Robin. After donning the Helmet of Fate to defeat Klarion the Witch Boy, Nabu refuses to release her until Zatara offers to take her place. Ever since, she works to free her father. In the second season, an adult Zatanna joins the Justice League. In the fourth season, Zatanna trains the Sentinels of Magic to help her free Zatara by convincing Nabu to rotate between all of them.[102]
Zatanna appears in Justice League Action, voiced again by Lacey Chabert as an adult and by Dayci Brookshire as a child.[100]
Zatanna appears in DC Super Hero Girls, voiced again by Kari Wahlgren.[100] This version, also known by her first name "Zee", is a dramatic fashionista and student at Metropolis High.
Zatanna makes non-speaking cameo appearances in Harley Quinn as an associate of the Justice League. As of "A Very Problematic Valentine's Day Special", she has entered a relationship with the Flash.
Film
Canceled live-action projects
In 2005, screenwriter Hadley Davis announced that she had written an action-comedy featuring a teenage version of Zatanna.[103]
A teenage Zatanna appears in the Zatanna: Trial of the Crystal Wand segment of Cartoon Monsoon, voiced by Tara Strong. This version takes inspiration from Sabrina, the Teenage Witch and Buffy Summers and has an older brother named Damon.[114]
^ abCowsill, Alan; Irvine, Alex; Korte, Steve; Manning, Matt; Wiacek, Win; Wilson, Sven (2016). The DC Comics Encyclopedia: The Definitive Guide to the Characters of the DC Universe. DK Publishing. p. 338. ISBN978-1-4654-5357-0.
^ abcdAlan Cowsill; Alexander Irvine; Steven Korté; Matthew K. Manning; Stephen Wiacek; Sven Wilson (2016). The DC comics encyclopedia: the definitive guide to the characters of the DC universe (First American ed.). New York, New York: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-4654-5357-0. OCLC936192301.
^McAvennie, Michael; Dolan, Hannah (2010). "1960s". DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 112. ISBN978-0-7566-6742-9. Her first appearance, presented by scribe Gardner Fox and artist Murphy Anderson, ultimately conjured up the era of the crossover, and emphasized the effectiveness of continuity in comics. It was rather ironic that a beautiful mage in fishnets who cast spells by speaking backwards would be responsible for such progressive storytelling.
^McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 153: "For ten issues, [Supergirl] continued flying solo, albeit with the occasional help of guest stars like Zatanna and Prez".
^Friedrich, Mike (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giella, Joe (i). "Batman – King of the World" Justice League of America, no. 87 (February 1971).
^Wein, Len (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giella, Joe (i). "The Unknown Soldier of Victory!" Justice League of America, no. 100 (August 1972). Wein, Len (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giella, Joe (i). "The Hand That Shook the World" Justice League of America, no. 101 (September 1972). Wein, Len (w), Dillin, Dick (p), Giella, Joe; Giordano, Dick (i). "..And One of Us Must Die!" Justice League of America, no. 102 (October 1972).
^Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The Reverse-Spells of Zatanna's Magic" Justice League of America, no. 161 (December 1978).
^Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Concert of the Damned" Justice League of America, no. 163 (February 1979). Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Murder by Melody!" Justice League of America, no. 164 (March 1979). Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "A Mother of Magic!" Justice League of America, no. 165 (April 1979).
^Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The Night It Rained Magic!" DC Comics Presents, no. 18 (February 1980).
^Conway, Gerry (w), Tanghal, Romeo (p), Colletta, Vince (i). "The Secret Spell!" DC Special Blue Ribbon Digest, no. 5 (November–December 1980).
^Wells, John (October 2014). "Buried Treasures in DC's Reprint Digests". Back Issue! (#76). Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing: 55–56.
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^Chronicled in Swamp Thing (vol. 2) #35-50 (April 1985-July 1986).
^Dini, Paul (w), Mays, Rick (p), Mays, Rick (i). "Everyday Magic" Zatanna, no. 1 (2003).
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^Cowsill "2000s" in Dolan, p. 319: "Grant Morrison's imagining of the Seven Soldiers of Victory was one of DC's most adventurous titles...The story started in Seven Soldiers of Victory #0 and continued in seven four-issue miniseries – The Bulleteer, Frankenstein, Mister Miracle, Zatanna, Shining Knight, Manhattan Guardian, and Klarion".
^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Benes, Ed (p), Benes, Ed (i). "The Second Coming Chapter Two: Things Fall Apart" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 23 (September 2008).
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^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Benes, Ed (p), Benes, Ed; Hunter, Rob; Rapmund, Norm; Geraci, Drew (i). "Be Careful What You Wish For..." Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 27 (January 2009).
^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Luis, Jose (p), Mayer, J.P. (i). "Welcome To Sundown Town Part Two: Shadow and Act" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 28 (February 2009).
^Wein, Len (w), ChrisCross (p), Stull, Rob; ChrisCross (i). "Star-Struck" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 29 (March 2009).
^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Luis, Jose (p), Mayer, J.P. (i). "Welcome To Sundown Town Chapter 3: New Moon Rising" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 30 (April 2009).
^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Morales, Rags (p), Dell, John (i). "Welcome To Sundown Town Chapter 4: Nyctophobia" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 32 (June 2009).
^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Morales, Rags (p), Dell, John (i). "Welcome To Sundown Town Chapter 6: Metathesiophobia" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 33 (July 2009).
^McDuffie, Dwayne (w), Syaf, Ardian; Barrows, Eddy (p), Ho, Don; Jose, Ruy; Green, Dan; Purcell, Jack; Propst, Mark (i). "Welcome To Sundown Town Conclusion: The Dharma Initiative" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 34 (August 2009).
^Robinson, James (w), Bagley, Mark (p), Hunter, Rob (i). "Out Of The Ashes.." Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 38 (December 2009).
^Robinson, James (w), Bagley, Mark (p), Hunter, Rob (i). "By My Black Hand, The Dead Shall Rise! Part One: Reunion" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 39 (January 2010).
^Robinson, James (w), Bagley, Mark (p), Hunter, Rob; Hanna, Hanna; Alquiza, Marlo (i). "By My Black Hand, The Dead Shall Rise! Part Two: Reunion" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 40 (February 2010).
^Robinson, James (w), Bagley, Mark (p), Hunter, Rob; Alquiza, Marlo; Wong, Walden (i). "Team History" Justice League of America, vol. 2, no. 41 (March 2010).
^ abKelly, Joe (2003). JLA. The Obsidian age. Book One. Doug Mahnke, Yvel Guichet. New York, NY: DC Comics. ISBN1-56389-991-4. OCLC52351767.
^Bendis, Brian Michael; Szymon Kudranski; Emanuela Lupacchino; Wade Von Grawbadger; Scott Hanna (2023). Leagues of chaos. Burbank, CA: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-77951-983-2. OCLC1356407012.
^V, Ram; James Tynion IV; Amancay Nahuelpan; Álvaro Martínez Bueno (2021). A costly trick of magic. Burbank, CA: DC Comics. ISBN978-1-77950-714-3. OCLC1198086664.
^Snyder, Scott; Bendis, Brian Michael; King, Tom (2018-01-01). DC NATION #0 (1st ed.). DC Comics.
^Fox, Gardner F. (2004). Justice League of America : Zatanna's search. Gerry Conway, Murphy Anderson, Carmine Infantino, Bob Kane, Gil Kane, Mike Sekowsky. New York: DC Comics. ISBN1-4012-0188-1. OCLC54495465.
^Conway, Gerry (w), Heck, Don (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Proteus Says: 'All Things Must Change!'" Justice League of America, no. 187 (February 1981).
^Dini, Paul (w), Nguyen, Dustin (p), Fridolfs, Derek (i). "The Riddle Unanswered" Detective Comics, no. 845 (August 2008).
^Dini, Paul (w), Nguyen, Dustin (p), Fridolfs, Derek (i). "Batman R.I.P.: Heart of Hush Part 2 of 5: The Last Good Day" Detective Comics, no. 847 (October 2008).
^Scott Beatty; Robert Greenberger; Phil Jimenez; Dan Wallace (2008). The DC comics encyclopedia : the definitive guide to the characters of the DC universe (Updated and expanded ed.). New York: DK Pub. ISBN978-0-7566-4119-1. OCLC213309017.
^ abcdefghijkl"Zatanna Voices (DC Universe)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved January 9, 2024. A green check mark indicates that a role has been confirmed using a screenshot (or collage of screenshots) of a title's list of voice actors and their respective characters found in its credits or other reliable sources of information.
^Kendrick, Ben (December 3, 2014). "Guillermo del Toro: Justice League Dark is Part of DC's Shared Movie Universe". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Guillermo del Toro: 'Right now the only sort of shared universe project I'm working on is Dark Universe for Warners, you know, for DC, which is Swamp Thing, Demon, Deadman, Zatanna'.
^Couto, Anthony (November 28, 2014). "Guillermo del Toro Gives Justice League Dark/Dark Universe Script to Warner Bros". IGN. Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. The basis for Dark Universe – the comic book series Justice League Dark – features supernatural characters from the DC lore, including Zatanna, Deadman, Frankenstein, Swamp Thing, and notably, John Constantine.
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