Zaniemyśl

Zaniemyśl
Village
Monument to the insurgents of the Greater Poland Uprising
Monument to the insurgents of the Greater Poland Uprising
Coat of arms of Zaniemyśl
Coat of arms
Zaniemyśl is located in Poland
Zaniemyśl
Zaniemyśl
Coordinates: 52°9′N 17°10′E / 52.150°N 17.167°E / 52.150; 17.167
Country Poland
VoivodeshipGreater Poland
CountyŚroda Wielkopolska
GminaZaniemyśl
Elevation
70 m (230 ft)
Population
 • Total
2,200
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Vehicle registrationPSR
Voivodeship road
Websitehttp://www.zaniemysl.pl/

Zaniemyśl [zaˈɲɛmɨɕl] is a village in Środa Wielkopolska County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Zaniemyśl.[1] It lies approximately 13 kilometres (8 mi) south-west of Środa Wielkopolska and 33 km (21 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

Zaniemyśl lies next to a series of lakes, making it a popular tourist destination. There is also a steam railway running between Zaniemyśl and Środa Wielkopolska. This is the oldest steam railway in Poland.

History

Saint Lawrence church

Niezamyśl was a private village of Polish nobility, administratively located in the Pyzdry County in the Kalisz Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Kingdom of Poland.[2] In 1331, during the Polish–Teutonic War of 1326–1332, it was the site a battle between the Poles and the invading Teutonic Knights, won by the Poles.[3] In 1742, it was granted town rights and renamed Zaniemyśl.[3] It was a private town, owned by the Poniński and Jaraczewski families.[3]

During the German occupation of Poland (World War II), several Poles from Zaniemyśl, including landowners, teachers and a school principal, were among the victims of a public execution of Poles, perpetrated by the occupiers in nearby Środa Wielkopolska on October 20, 1939.[4] In 1940, the German police and gendarmerie carried out expulsions of Poles, whose houses and farms were handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[5] The Poles were either deported to the General Government in the more-eastern part of German-occupied Poland, or enslaved as forced labour in the region or deported to Germany.[5]

The Polish resistance movement was active in Zaniemyśl, including local units of the Wielkopolska Organizacja Wojskowa, Wojskowa Organizacja Ziem Zachodnich and Home Army.[6] Bogdan Wysocki, organizer of the unit of the Wielkopolska Organizacja Wojskowa, was arrested by the Gestapo in 1940, then held in various prisons, sentenced to death in Zwickau and executed in Dresden in 1942, whereas Zbigniew Leonard Kasztelan, leader of the local unit of the Home Army, was arrested by the Gestapo in April 1944, and then imprisoned, tortured, sentenced to death and executed in Żabikowo in 1945.[7]

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
18431,409—    
18711,313−6.8%
18801,364+3.9%
18901,301−4.6%
YearPop.±%
19001,253−3.7%
19101,426+13.8%
19211,291−9.5%
19311,335+3.4%
Source: [8]

References

  1. ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
  2. ^ Atlas historyczny Polski. Wielkopolska w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część I. Mapy, plany (in Polish). Warszawa: Instytut Historii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 2017. p. 1b.
  3. ^ a b c Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom XIV (in Polish). Warszawa. 1895. p. 392.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 195.
  5. ^ a b Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 196–197. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.
  6. ^ Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945 (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. 1998. pp. 627, 646. ISBN 83-85003-97-5.
  7. ^ Encyklopedia konspiracji Wielkopolskiej 1939–1945. pp. 252, 660.
  8. ^ Dokumentacja Geograficzna (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. Warszawa: Instytut Geografii Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1967. p. 60.