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Yellow Canary
Yellow Canary
	Theatrical poster
Directed by	Herbert Wilcox
Written by	P. M. Bower; Miles Malleson; DeWitt Bodeen
Produced by	Herbert Wilcox
Starring	Anna Neagle; Richard Greene; Albert Lieven
Cinematography	Mutz Greenbaum
Edited by	Vera Campbell
Music by	Clifton Parker
Distributed by	RKO Radio Pictures
Release dates	19 October 1943 (Premiere-London); 13 April 1944 (U.S.);
Running time	95 minutes (UK) (also given as 98 minutes); 84 minutes, edited (U.S.)
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English

Yellow Canary is a 1943 British drama film directed by Herbert Wilcox and starring Anna Neagle, Richard Greene and Albert Lieven. Neagle plays a British Nazi sympathizer who travels to Halifax, Canada, trailed by spies from both sides during the Second World War. Neagle and director/producer Wilcox collaborated on a number of previous film projects.^[4]

Plot

In the Second World War, Sally Maitland appears to signal Nazi planes during a bombing raid over London, after murdering an innocent citizen in his home. The next morning, Sally boards a ship bound for Canada. Two of her fellow passengers, Jim Garrick and Polish officer Jan Orlock, seek her acquaintance, despite her long-time and well-known admiration for Nazi Germany. It soon becomes common knowledge that Jim is a British intelligence officer. Sally rebuffs his advances, but welcomes Jan's attention. Sally is, in fact, a deep cover British agent on a secret mission shadowing her quarry: Jan. Unbeknownst to Sally, Jim has been assigned to help and protect her.

The ship is stopped in mid-ocean by the German heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, and a boarding party takes Jim prisoner. To the puzzlement of the ship's captain, the cruiser allows the ship to continue on its way. It turns out that the Germans have captured an impostor, when Jim emerges from hiding.

When they reach Halifax, Nova Scotia, Jan introduces Sally to his invalid mother, Madame Orlock. Jim uses his contacts to have Sally appear to be a true Nazi sympathizer by having Canadian government men expose her and warn the Orlocks to stay away from her due to her Nazi leanings. Sally pretends to try to break off their relationship to avoid trouble for them.

Jan reveals that he is working for the Nazis and recruits Sally into his spy ring on the night of their greatest exploit. Sally has been waiting for this chance to find out who his fellow conspirators are, especially their leader. To Sally's surprise, the leader turns out to be Madame Orlock, who is not Jan's mother and is not an invalid. The others are people she met at her hotel (who have been covertly observing her), and even include a port immigration officer. The leader reveals that one of the ships of an incoming convoy has been secretly replaced by another filled with explosives, which is to be detonated when they reach Halifax, wrecking the vital port; a plan inspired by a devastating accident of the First World War.

At this point, Jan reveals he is anxious to make up for a recent bungled secret mission to bomb British royalty which failed due to his contact man sending incorrect landmark signals to the bombers. This explains the opening sequence: Sally killed the Nazi agent and thwarted that mission. Sally finally learns that Jim is assigned to her, when she catches him breaking into Jan's study to try to uncover evidence, just as she has.

Later, after being caught unawares when Orlock sneaks into her room, she thinks fast to explain her friendliness to Jim. Orlock believes she is a double agent, but she claims she is tricking the enemy and avoids being summarily executed. She then slips Jim a note written in lipstick advising him to wait at headquarters for information and heads off with Orlock.

Orlock orders Sally to telephone Jim and tell him that an attempt will be made to sabotage the Queen Mary, scheduled to sail later that night, and that all available agents should be immediately sent to stop it. Sally is able to warn Naval Intelligence of the actual plot; RCMP officers are dispatched to the house. RCAF bombers are sent to bomb and destroy the ship. Jan shoots Sally before Jim can rescue her; the bullet is stopped by a cigarette case which he gave to her earlier.

Sally and Jim are married, and with Sally's cover now blown, they return to London to meet her family.

Cast

As appearing in Yellow Canary, (main roles and screen credits identified):^[5]

Anna Neagle as Sally Maitland
Richard Greene as Lieutenant Commander Jim Garrick
Albert Lieven as Jan Orlock
Lucie Mannheim as Madame Orlock
Nova Pilbeam as Betty Maitland
George Thorpe as Colonel Charles Hargraves
Marjorie Fielding as Lady Maitland
Franklin Dyall as Captain Foster
Valentine Dyall as officer on German cruiser [Prinz Eugen ?]
Margaret Rutherford as Mrs. Towcester
Aubrey Mallalieu as Reynolds
Sybille Binder as Madame Orlock's Attendant

Production

Although never identified as Unity Mitford, the central character played by Neagle has some obvious similarities to the pro-Nazi British dilettante who had a great deal of notoriety in pre-war times.^[6] In production during 1943, while the United Kingdom was still fearful of Nazi spies, Yellow Canary was obviously made as wartime propaganda, with the aim not only of keeping up morale but also of warning the British public to be on their guard.^[7]^[8]

Yellow Canary co-stars Richard Greene and Margaret Rutherford went on to further success in other films. Rutherford was especially adept at scene-stealing in the film.^[7] Greene was in the armed forces at this time, and had interrupted his successful acting career to serve in the Second World War in the 27th Lancers, where he distinguished himself. After three months, he went to Sandhurst and was commissioned. He was promoted to captain in the 27th Lancers in May 1944. He was relieved from duty in 1942 to appear in the British propaganda films Flying Fortress and Unpublished Story. In 1943, Greene appeared in Yellow Canary while on furlough.^[9]^[10]

Although set aboard a ship in the early scenes, the majority of the principal photography for Yellow Canary took place at the massive lots at Denham Film Studios (D&P Studios), located near the village of Denham, Buckinghamshire. All of the location sequences of Halifax were strictly "B" roll,^{[clarification needed]} but did provide a realistic, "atmospheric" look at wartime conditions in the busy Canadian military and civilian port.^[7]

After production had wrapped, Neagle and Wilcox made their professional relationship a personal one as well when they married on 9 August 1943.^[4]

Reception

Although the leading actors in Yellow Canary were well received by critics, the convoluted storyline was considered implausible when reviewed by The New York Times.^[11] More recent reviews were more favourable, commenting on the production values and acting as "better-than-average."^[12]

References

^ "Yellow Canary: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
^ "Yellow Canary (Overview)." The New York Times. Retrieved: 22 March 2012.
^ "Yellow Canary: Overview." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: 22 March 2012.
^ ^a ^b Neagle 1974, p. 119.
^ "Credits: Yellow Canary." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: 6 January 2013.
^ Pryce-Jones 1977, p. 121.
^ ^a ^b ^c Absalom, David. "Dame Anna Neagle (1904–1986)." Archived 16 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine britishpictures.com. Retrieved: 5 June 2011.
^ Nixon, Rob. "Yellow Canary: Article." Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved: 22 March 2012.
^ Parish and Leonard 1976, p. 270.
^ Van Neste, Dan. "Richard Greene, Swashbuckler With A Double-Edged Sword". Archived 10 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine classicimages.com. Retrieved: 5 June 2011.
^ T.M.P. "Yellow Canary (1944): At the Palace." The New York Times, 14 April 1944. Retrieved: 22 March 2012.
^ Schwartz, Dennis. "A better-than-average wartime melodrama." Ozus' World Movie Reviews, 26 July 2006. Retrieved: 23 March 2012.

Bibliography

Aldgate, Anthony and Jeffrey Richards. Britain Can Take it: British Cinema in the Second World War. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2nd Edition, 1994. ISBN 0-7486-0508-8.
Barr, Charles, ed. All Our Yesterdays: 90 Years of British Cinema. London: British Film Institute, 1986. ISBN 0-85170-179-5.
Neagle, Anna. Anna Neagle Aays, 'There's Always Tomorrow': An Autobiography. London: W. H. Allen Books, 1974. ISBN 978-0-491-01941-5.
Parish, James and William Leonard. Hollywood Players: The Thirties. New York: Arlington House Publishers, 1976. ISBN 978-0-87000-365-3.
Pryce-Jones, David. Unity Mitford: An Enquiry into Her Life and the Frivolity of Evil. New York: Dial Press, 1977. ISBN 978-0-8037-8865-7.
Skinner, James. Growing Up In Wartime Uxbridge. Stroud, UK: Tempus Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7524-4543-4.