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Yak-18T
Yak-18T
	Yak-18T (1999 example)
General information
Type	Training aircraft
Designer	Yakovlev
Primary users	Aeroflot Soviet Air Force
Number built	750+
History
Introduction date	1967
First flight	1967
Variants	Technoavia SM-94

The Yakovlev Yak-18T (Russian: Яковлев Як-18T) is a four- or five-seat fully aerobatic utility aircraft developed by Yakovlev. Introduced to train Aeroflot pilots, it has gained some popularity as a sportplane both inside and outside the former USSR. It is powered by a 268-298 kW (360-400 hp) Vedeneyev M14P radial engine, and is designed for stresses of +6.48/-3.24 g.

Design and development

All the Yak-18 and Yak-18T have in common is the model number. The Yak-18T is a unique design, despite its nomenclature.

The 18T was designed in the late 60's, as a civilian aircraft. The aircraft has a nosewheel, is a four- or five-seater, and has a nine-cylinder 360 hp radial. The Yak-18T shares systems with the Yak-50/52 family. These aircraft all have the 265 kW (355 hp) Vedeneyev M14 nine-cylinder radial engine as well as the same underlying compressed-air system for engine starting, brakes, undercarriage and flaps. The propeller, avionics and other parts are also shared. The Yak-18T, like all Russian aircraft used for training, is aerobatic.

Compared with other four-seat light aircraft such as the Cessna 172 or the Piper PA-28, the Yak-18T is only a little wider and longer but it is much heavier and is equipped with a considerably more powerful engine. The Yak-18T is perhaps better compared with the Piper Saratoga which has two extra seats but which has a similar maximum weight, together with a retractable undercarriage and a similarly powerful engine. The Yak-18T is, however, distinguished by its strong construction, aerobatic capability and docile yet responsive handling characteristics.

The Yak-18T prototype had its first flight in mid-1967 and subsequently the type was placed in series production in Smolensk.

Operational history

The Yak-18T went on to become the standard basic trainer with Aeroflot flight schools, while small numbers also entered service with the Soviet Air Force as liaison and communications aircraft. After approximately 700 were built, many for Aeroflot, production ceased in the late 1980s, to be resumed in 1993.^[1] In 2011 it was claimed that the type remained in small-scale production by the Yakolev Design Bureau,^[2] although apparently none had been produced in more than a decade.

Technoavia has marketed the SM-94, its own development of the Yak-18T, featuring curved windshield, larger fuel tanks and choice of avionics package, but production is dependent on orders being placed.^[1]

Operators

Cuba

Cuban Air Force - Former operator.^{[citation needed]}

Moldova

Moldova Air Force - one aircraft in active service for basic training^{[citation needed]}

Lithuania

Lithuanian National Defence Volunteer Forces^{[citation needed]}

Soviet Union

Aeroflot^{[citation needed]}
Soviet Air Force^{[citation needed]}

Transnistria

Armed Forces of Transnistria^{[citation needed]}

Specifications (Yak-18T)

Data from EASA - Yak-18T^[3]

General characteristics

Crew: 1 or 2
Capacity: up to 4 subject to CoG limitations
Length: 8.354 m (27 ft 5 in) ^[4]
Wingspan: 11.16 m (36 ft 7 in) ^[4]
Height: 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in) ^[4]
Wing area: 18.892 m² (203.35 sq ft) ^[5]
Airfoil: root: Clark YH (14.5%) ; tip: Clark YH (9.3%)^[6]
Empty weight: 1,217 kg (2,683 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 1,650 kg (3,638 lb)

1,510 kg (3,329 lb) for aerobatics

Fuel capacity: standard 183 L (48 US gal; 40 imp gal) in two wing tanks, (including a 3 L (0.79 US gal; 0.66 imp gal) collector tank)

or 363 L (96 US gal; 80 imp gal) in two wing tanks + collector

or 353 L (93 US gal; 78 imp gal) in four wing tanks (2x 90l + 2x 85l) + collector

'Oil 20 L (5.3 US gal; 4.4 imp gal)

Powerplant: 1 × Vedeneyev M14P 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 268 kW (359 hp)

or 1x 300 kW (400 hp) Vedeneyev M14PF

Propellers: 2-bladed V-530TA-D35 constant-speed propeller (or MTV3-bladed propellers)

Performance

Maximum speed: 262 km/h (163 mph, 141 kn) ^{[citation needed]}
Cruise speed: 180–210 km/h (110–130 mph, 97–113 kn) ^[7]
Stall speed: 114 km/h (71 mph, 62 kn) idle, gear down, flaps down^{[citation needed]}
Never exceed speed: 300 km/h (190 mph, 160 kn)
Range: 740 km (460 mi, 400 nmi) ^{[citation needed]}
Service ceiling: 4,000 m (13,000 ft) (no Oxygen system)
g limits: +6.4 -3.2 at 1,510 kg (3,329 lb)

+5 -2.5 at 1,650 kg (3,638 lb)

Rate of climb: 5 m/s (980 ft/min) ^{[citation needed]}
Take-off run: 200 m (656 ft)^[7]
Landing run: 250 m (820 ft)^[7]
Aircraft life:

3,500 flight hours,
15,000 landings,
no calendar life limit is established

Avionics
standard factory fit:-

Baklan 5 VHF
ARK-9 ADF
IMK-IAZ gyro magnetic compass system.
AGD-1K gyro horizon
ZUE-53U turn indicator
PP-5 radio altimeter

References

^ ^a ^b "Yakovlev Yak-18T". Airliners.net. 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
^ Bayerl, Robby; Berkemeier, Martin; et al. (2011). World Directory of Leisure Aviation 2011–12. Lancaster: WDLA UK. p. 170. ISSN 1368-485X.
^ "EASA.SAS.A.095 : YAKOVLEV YAK-18T" (PDF). easa.europa. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Yak-18T 3-view". yak.ru. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
^ Goode, Richard. "Yak-18T" (PDF). russianaeros.com. Richard Goode Aerobatics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c "A.S.Yakovlev designe bureau –:– programs –:– current –:– Yak-18T". www.yak.ru. Retrieved 17 October 2019.^{[dead link‍]}