Born in Shehong, Suining, Sichuan, Xu started his career at the age of seven with Shandong Luneng, who he captained at youth level.[2] In 2013, Xu trialed for the youth academy of Barcelona, Spain's most successful club, after receiving an offer to join the youth academy of Metz in France, where his father said, "I feel that these Barcelona U17 players are also playing average, and few are better than my kids".[3] Having failed to get into Barcelona's academy, he instead joined Terrassa.[2] This spell was short-lived, as he joined Cornellà at the age of fifteen.[4]
He returned to Granada, but moved back to China to sign for Shaanxi Chang'an Athletic in the Chinese third division, helping them achieve promotion to the Chinese second division.[4]
^ abc"遂宁射洪"小梅西"胥栩,入选国青试训巴塞即将重返中超" [Suining Shehong's "Little Messi" Xu Xu, was selected for the national youth trial training and Barcelona is about to return to the Super League]. sohu.com (in Chinese). 7 February 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
^ abcde"博主:西班牙人历史第一位中国球员胥栩,仅24岁便选择退役" [Blogger: Xu Xu, the first Chinese player in Spaniard history, chose to retire at the age of only 24]. news.zhibo8.cc (in Chinese). 15 May 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2023.