Xindian culture

Xindian culture
class=notpageimage|
Location of Xindian (), with contemporary cultures in 1000 BCE
Geographical rangeGansu
Datesca. 1500–1000 BCE
Preceded byQijia culture
Followed byShajing culture (800-200 BCE)
Majiayuan (3rd-2nd c.BCE)
Xindian culture map

Xindian culture (Chinese: 辛店文化; pinyin: Xīndiàn wénhuà) was a Bronze Age culture in the Gansu and Qinghai provinces of China. Xindian culture is dated ca. 1500–1000 BCE, a radiocarbon testing of an artefact produced a date around 1000 BCE,[1] which roughly corresponds to the Western Zhou period of the Central Plain area (in the middle and lower course of the Yellow River).

Geography

The Xindian culture is named after a site discovered in 1923–24 in Xindian, Lintao County, Gansu. The culture was mainly located in Gansu in the middle and lower course of the Tao River and Daxia River, and in Qinghai in the basin of the Huangshui River.[1]

Cultural context

Xindian culture was predominantly agricultural, with breeding pigs and cattle, at the sites of the culture were found bronze castings and traces of copper smelting production.[2] Some small bronzes have been discovered at Huizui in Lintao county. They include knives, awls and buttons.[3]

Xindian culture belongs to the painted pottery cultures found in Central Asia, India, and China, among others.[2] Xindian culture postdates the Qijia culture; the pottery evidence demonstrates a cultural continuity,[4] though genetically it is not related with it.[2]

The shape of some Xindian culture pottery vessels, as well as the decorative patterns on pottery reveal correlations with the Tangwang culture.[3]

In the same area in close proximity are distributed early sites of the contemporary neighboring Siwa culture, though Xindian culture and Siwa culture followed their own paths of development. The later Xindian culture expanded westward and came closer to the Kayue culture, it was possibly absorbed by the Kayue culture.[4]

  • Anthropomorphic spatula, Xindian culture, 1900-1500 BCE. Gansu Museum
    Anthropomorphic spatula, Xindian culture, 1900-1500 BCE. Gansu Museum
  • Xindian pottery jar
    Xindian pottery jar
  • Xindian jar with two lug handles, Gansu, around 1,000 BCE, painted earthenware, Honolulu Academy of Arts
    Xindian jar with two lug handles, Gansu, around 1,000 BCE, painted earthenware, Honolulu Academy of Arts
  • Jar, Xindian culture. Musée Cernuschi.
    Jar, Xindian culture. Musée Cernuschi.
  • Xindian pit with oracle bone
    Xindian pit with oracle bone

Notes

  1. ^ a b Cihai ("Sea of Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5, p. 1885
  2. ^ a b c "Синьдянь", Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)
  3. ^ a b An, Zhimin (1992). "The Bronze Age in eastern parts of Central Asia" (PDF). In Dani, A.H.; Masson, V.M. (eds.). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, volume 1: The Dawn of Civilization: Earliest Times to 700 B.C. (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 308–325. ISBN 978-92-3-102719-2.
  4. ^ a b Di Cosmo, Nicola (1999). "The northern frontier in pre-imperial China". In Loewe, Michael; Shaughnessy, Edward L. (eds.). The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Cambridge University Press. pp. 885–966. ISBN 978-0-521-47030-8. p. 901.
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