Xavier Debray

Xavier Blanchard Debray
Debray circa 1864
Born	(1818-01-25)January 25, 1818 Épinal, France
Died	January 6, 1895(1895-01-06) (aged 76) Austin, Texas
Allegiance	France Confederate States of America
Service / branch	Confederate States Army
Rank	Brigadier General (CSA)
Battles / wars	American Civil War - Battle of Mansfield - Battle of Pleasant Hill

Xavier Blanchard Debray (January 25, 1818 – January 6, 1895) was an American soldier and diplomat. During the American Civil War Debray raised a Confederate cavalry regiment from Bexar County, Texas and was appointed brigadier general before the war's end.

Early life

Xavier Debray was born in or near Épinal, France, as Xavier Blanchard, the son of Nicolas Blanchard and Catherine Benezech. He is said to have attended the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr^[1] Debray worked in the French diplomatic service before immigrating to the United States in 1848 under something of a cloud in disagreement with the French Government. After serving in the U.S. Army's 2nd Dragoons,^[2] he settled in Texas and became a naturalized citizen in 1855.^[1] Debray published a Spanish language newspaper in San Antonio in the years before the American Civil War, opening a thriving academy and providing translations for the General Land Office.^[1]^[3]

Military career

At war's outbreak Debray became an aide-de-camp to Texas governor Edward Clark as a major in the 2nd Texas Infantry Regiment.^[1] Debray raised a cavalry unit from Bexar County,^[3] was elected commander of Debray's Texas Cavalry Battalion,^[1] and was commissioned colonel on December 5, 1861.^[3] He led the unit which became the 26th Texas Cavalry at the Battle of Galveston Bay in 1862 and later during the Red River Campaign serving with distinction at the Battles of Mansfield and Pleasant Hill. Becoming commander of his Cavalry brigade he was later appointed Brigadier General by Kirby Smith for his service in that campaign. With the end of the Civil War, his promotion was never confirmed by the Confederate States Senate.

After the Confederate surrender, Debray lived in Houston and Galveston. Eventually, Debray moved to the state's capitol and resumed translating Spanish, French and English language documents for the Texas General Land Office. Debray died in Austin January 6, 1895, and is buried in the state cemetery there.^[1]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Bailey, Anne J. DeBray, Xavier Blanchard in Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved May 20, 2014. However, St. Cyr told historian Bruce Allardice that they had no record of Debray's attending.
^ Allardice, Bruce S., More Generals in Grey, Louisiana State University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8071-3148-2. He enlisted in New York City in 1848, and was discharged in 1853.
^ ^a ^b ^c Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8129-1726-0. First published 1959 by McKay. P. 229.

References

Allardice, Bruce S., More Generals in Grey, Louisiana State University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-8071-3148-2.
Bailey, Anne J. DeBray, Xavier Blanchard in Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved May 20, 2014.
Boatner, Mark Mayo, III. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: McKay, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8129-1726-0. First published 1959 by McKay.
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.

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