Woodwardia

Woodwardia
Temporal range: Paleocene–Recent
Woodwardia radicans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Aspleniineae
Family: Blechnaceae
Subfamily: Woodwardiodeae
Genus: Woodwardia
Sm.
Species

See text.

Synonyms
  • Anchistea C.Presl
  • Chieniopteris Ching
  • Lorinseria C.Presl
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Woodwardia is a genus of ferns in the family Blechnaceae, in the suborder Aspleniineae (eupolypods II) of the order Polypodiales.[1][2] Species are known as netted-chain ferns. The genus is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. They are large ferns, with fronds growing to 50–300 cm long depending on the species. The fossil record of the genus extends to the Paleocene.[3]

Taxonomy

Woodwardia was first described by James Edward Smith in 1793.[4] It was named after Thomas Jenkinson Woodward.[5] When broadly circumscribed, the genus contains about 15 species (plus some hybrids). In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), the genera Anchistea and Lorinseria (each with one species) are kept separate.[1]

Species

As of September 2024, Plants of the World Online accepts the following species,[6] excluding those placed in other genera in the PPG I system.[1]

Image Scientific name Distribution
Woodwardia auriculata Blume Peninsula Malaysia to Sumatera, W. Jawa[8]
Woodwardia fimbriata Sm. W. Canada to Mexico (Baja California Norte, Sonora)[9]
Woodwardia harlandii Hook. S. China to Japan (Yakushima) and N. Indo-China[10]
Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm. S. China to Indo-China, Temp. E. Asia[11]
Woodwardia kempii Copel. SE. China, Taiwan, Japan (Mishima, Yakushima).[12]
Woodwardia magnifica Ching & P.S.Chiu China (Yunnan) to Vietnam.[13]
Woodwardia martinezii Maxon ex Weath. Mexico (Hidalgo, Puebla, Veracruz)[14]
Woodwardia orientalis (Sw.) Sw. E. China, Japan to Philippines.[15]
Woodwardia prolifera Hook. & Arn. SE. China to S. Central & S. Japan and Philippines (Bataan Islands)[16]
Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm. Macaronesia, Mediterranean[17]
Woodwardia spinulosa M.Martens & Galeotti Mexico to Central America.[18]
Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai Pakistan to S. Central & S. Japan and N. Indo-China, Jawa, Philippines, New Guinea[19]
Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. E. Canada to E. Central & E. U.S.A.[20]
Natural Hybrids
Image Name and Parentage Distribution
Woodwardia × intermedia Christ (W. japonica × W. orientalis) S. Japan[21]
Woodwardia × izuensis Sa.Kurata (W. orientalis × W. unigemmata) SC. Japan[22]
Woodwardia × semicordata Mickel & Beitel (W. martinezii × W. spinulosa) Mexico[23]

Species placed elsewhere in PPG I are:[1]


  • Some species have large leaves, such as W. orientalis. Leaves are deeply bipinnatifid. Young leaves of W. orientalis are red and the young adventitious buds on the leaf surface are also red.
    Some species have large leaves, such as W. orientalis. Leaves are deeply bipinnatifid. Young leaves of W. orientalis are red and the young adventitious buds on the leaf surface are also red.

References

  1. ^ a b c d PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
  2. ^ Maarten J. M. Christenhusz; Xian-Chun Zhang & Harald Schneider (2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
  3. ^ Song, Han-Zhang; Naugolnykh, Serge V.; Wu, Xin-Kai; Liu, Xiao-Yan; Jin, Jian-Hua (September 2021). "Fertile Woodwardia from the middle Eocene of South China and its implications for palaeogeography and palaeoclimate". Plant Diversity. 44 (6): 565–576. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2021.09.003. PMC 9751083. PMID 36540713. S2CID 240534497.
  4. ^ "Woodwardia Sm". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  5. ^ McConnell, Anita. "Woodward, Thomas Jenkinson". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26073. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. ^ "Woodwardia Sm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-08-09.
  7. ^ "Woodwardia areolata (L.) T.Moore". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  8. ^ "Woodwardia auriculata Blume". Plants of the World Online. 2000-01-01. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  9. ^ "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 1983-01-01. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  10. ^ "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  11. ^ "Woodwardia japonica (L.f.) Sm". Plants of the World Online. 1983-01-01. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  12. ^ "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  13. ^ "Woodwardia magnifica Ching & P.S.Chiu". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  14. ^ "Woodwardia martinezii Maxon ex Weath". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  15. ^ "Woodwardia orientalis (Sw.) Sw". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  16. ^ "Woodwardia prolifera Hook. & Arn". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  17. ^ "Woodwardia radicans (L.) Sm". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  18. ^ "Woodwardia spinulosa M.Martens & Galeotti". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  19. ^ "Woodwardia unigemmata (Makino) Nakai". Plants of the World Online. 2000-01-01. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  20. ^ "Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  21. ^ "Woodwardia × intermedia Christ". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  22. ^ "Woodwardia × izuensis Sa.Kurata". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  23. ^ "Woodwardia × semicordata Mickel & Beitel". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-26.